【摘要】 上海市在2035总体规划中提出建设"生态之城"的发展目标,而如何锚固生态基底、提升城市生态品质是事关能否带头走好生态优先、绿色发展之路的关键问题。尽管在河流污染治理、城市绿化建设等方面已取得了显著成效,上海总体仍存在生态系统服务功能不高、农业面源污染严重等问题。由水系、林地、湿地、农田等要素组合形成的复合生态廊道作为一种带状生态空间,具有提升生物多样性、控制径流和农业面源污染、提供景观休憩等多种服务功能。分析探讨国内外利用城市生态廊道提供生态系统服务的技术策略,建议在上海市城市生态走廊的重要节点区域,利用本地适生植物固坡、截污和景观功能,构建以区域性水系为脉络,以周边林地、湿地为斑块,以地标性森林植物群落为特色,不仅具有径流控制作用,同时满足市民休憩亲水需要和动物栖息活动需求的河岸带生态廊道;进一步复合利用农用地周边的林地、湿地、小微水体,促使其成为吸收和转化农业生产排放的过量营养物质、保育生物栖息地的农林湿复合生态空间,可望为农业面源污染控制、生物多样性保护、生态品质提升等问题提供系统性的解决方案,从而能够利用有限的生态空间提供更多的优质公共服务以满足市民美好生活需要,为面向2035锚固城市生态基底、提升城市生态品质提供重要支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 2035 vision, Shanghai has put forward the development goal of building itself an ecological city, and the key point in achieving the mode of prioritizing ecological conservation and boosting green development is to find out how to reinforce its ecological basis as well as to improve the urban eco-environmental quality. Although Shanghai has remarkably succeeded in river pollution management and urban greening, other problems such as poor ecosystem services and heavy agricultural non-point source pollution still remain to be solved. The composite ecological corridor, which consists of elements including drainage network, forest, wetland and farmland, has multiple functions like promoting biodiversity, regulating runoff, controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and meeting the recreational needs. This article discussed different domestic and foreign technology strategies in using urban ecological corridors to provide ecosystem services, and we suggested that Shanghai should use suitable native plants to stabilize river banks, intercept sewage and provide landscape in planned nodes. The ecological corridors include the drainage network, which functions as the vein, forest and wetland, which functions as the ecological nodes, and green living landmark, which characterizes local vegetation. Such corridors have the functions of regulating runoff and satisfying the needs of citizens for recreation and animal habitat activities. Such corridors further compound use of woodlands, wetlands, and small water bodies surrounding agricultural land to promote them to become agroforestry wet composite ecological space that absorbs and transforms excessive nutrients discharged from agricultural production and protects biological habitats. These corridors can be a systematic solution for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, protecting biodiversity and promoting eco-environmental quality, meeting the requirements of “afforestation, colorization, preciousness and efficiency” for ecological spaces. Such ecological corridors will provide high quality public services for citizens, reinforce the ecological basis and improve the urban eco-environmental quality of the 2035 vision.更多还原