【摘要】 为掌握白鹇海南亚种(Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi)的生态习性,探讨有效保护策略,2018年1月—2021年1月,在海南热带雨林国家公园五指山片区内布设50台红外相机进行连续监测,共收集白鹇独立有效照片1 472张,视频491个,对其行为时间分配,活动节律(日、月、季节)与海拔迁移规律进行分析。结果表明:(1)白鹇的日活动时间从06:00开始到20:00结束,其中出现3个活动高峰,即07:00—09:00、13:00和16:00;雄性与雌性的日活动频率无显著差异(t=2.020,df=22,P=0.056);(2)观察到的主要行为包括觅食、移动、梳理、警戒和对抗,雄性警戒行为显著高于雌性(Z=-2.231,P=0.026),其余4种行为均无性别差异;(3)该物种月相对活动频率高峰出现在9月和10月。其中,旱季移动行为显著高于雨季(Z=-2.198,P=0.028),雨季觅食行为显著高于旱季(Z=-2.579,P=0.010),其余3种行为均无显著差异(警戒Z=-1.229,P=0.219;对抗Z=-1.528,P=0.127;梳理Z=-0.267,P=0.790);(4)高海拔地区白鹇的日活动高峰出现在09:00—11:00、13:00—14:00和16:00—17:00,中海拔地区出现在08:00—09:00、12:00—13:00和17:00—18:00,低海拔地区出现在07:00—10:00、18:00—19:00; 20:00后仅拍摄到在中高海拔的活动迹象。研究结果有助于更好地理解该物种生活史对策的变化趋势,可为热带和亚热带地区雉类(Phasianidae)保护与管理提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study and get to grips with the ecological habits and effective protection strategies of the Hainan subspecies of silver pheasant( Lophura nycthemera whiteheadi),we set up 50 infrared cameras to continuously monitor in Wuzhishan District of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from January 2018 to January 2021. A total of 1,472 independent photo images and 491 videos of Silver pheasants were obtained by using infrared-triggered cameras. We analyzed behavioral time budgets,activity patterns( day,month,and season) and elevation migration of the species. The results show:(1)The silver pheasants were diurnal and active from 06: 00—20: 00 in the day,with three peaks at 06: 00—09: 00,13: 00 and 16: 00,respectively; both genders showed similar daily activity patterns( t = 2. 020, df = 22, P = 0. 056);(2) The behaviors mainly include foraging,moving,combing,guarding,and confronting. The guarding behaviors of males were significantly higher than that of females( Z =-2. 231,P = 0. 026),and there were no significant differences in the other behaviors between males and females;(3) The relative richness index peaked in September and October. The moving of the silver pheasants during the dry season was significantly higher than that in the rainy season( Z =-2. 198,P = 0. 028),but the foraging in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in the dry season( Z =-2. 579,P =0. 010). The other three behaviors had no significant seasonal variations( Guarding, Z =-1. 229,P = 0. 219; Confronting Z =-1. 528,P = 0. 127; Combing Z =-0. 267,P = 0. 790);(4) Silver pheasants showed three peak activity periods,09: 00—11: 00,13: 00—14: 00,and16: 00—17: 00,respectively,at high elevation areas; 08: 00—09: 00,12: 00—13: 00 and16: 00—17: 00, respectively, at mediate elevation areas; 07: 00—10: 00 and 18: 00—19: 00,respectively, at low elevation areas. The signs of activity were photographed after20: 00 only at medium and high elevations. The results provided a scientific basis for the protection and management of tropical and subtropical zones.更多还原