【摘要】 能源危机和环境恶化是人类社会面临的两大难题。多孔炭材料因孔隙发达、结构易调和化学性质稳定等特点在能源存储和生态环境治理等领域具有重要作用,其应用性能高度依赖碳源的选择及其合成方法和条件优化。生物质富含有机碳元素且具有成本低、可再生等优点,以生物质为碳源构建多孔炭材料符合绿色化学理念、具备实现大规模工业化应用前景,特别是藻类生物质因富含杂原子纤维组分被认为是构建杂原子掺杂多孔炭材料的优良前驱体。通过有效调控合成方法和工艺过程,设计具有孔径结构和表面化学性质可控的藻类生物炭材料并在能源存储和生态环境治理等应用领域表现出优异性能,有效实现能源资源与生态环境和谐共存,特别是有研究报道海带基多孔炭的比表面积高达4 000 m~2/g。本文系统评述了藻类生物炭材料的制备方法及其孔径结构形成机理,并着重介绍这类多孔炭材料在电化学储能和吸附等方面的研究进展及其性能调控策略。提出藻类生物质衍生多孔炭材料面临的新趋势与挑战,并对未来开发低成本、高效率的高性能生物质基多孔炭材料的探索方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Porous carbons with well-developed pores, tunable microstructures and stable chemistry play a significant role in energy storage and environmental pollution control. Biomass is a carbon precursor that is abundant, low cost, sustainable and carbon neutral, and is promising for the large-scale production of porous carbons. Among the various types of biomass, algae usually contain abundant cellulose and heteroatoms, which are suitable precursors for heteroatom-doped carbons. Recent advances in synthesis methods for algae-based porous carbons are reviewed and their pore formation mechanisms discussed. Their potential applications in adsorption, catalysis and energy storage are highlighted, and strategies for improving their performance are proposed. Future research trends and challenges for algae-based carbons are discussed, especially as they relate to their low-cost production and performance improvement.更多还原