【摘要】 基于阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力视角度量居民福利,并分析城乡居民福利差异和异质主体迁移的福利效应及其影响渠道,研究发现城区居民福利水平均值高于农村居民,但控制个体和地区特征后居住在城区者福利水平反而变低,即存在"低福利城市"现象。进一步运用处理效应模型克服样本选择问题发现,市外迁移者无论是否获取户籍,其福利水平都显著低于未迁移者,市内获取户籍迁移者福利水平显著高于未迁移者,市内未获取户籍迁移者福利水平则与未迁移者无显著差异。迁移对福利的影响因个体年龄、迁入地居住时长而异,短期内迁移者福利水平低于城区本地居民和农村居民,期望未来能增进福利是移民选择迁移的动因。不同类型迁移行为所产生影响的差异,可通过收入、住房和居住环境的变化进行解释,迁移者获取高收入的同时以居住条件恶化为代价是其福利降低的重要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on Amartya Sen’s capability theory, this paper uses China’s micro survey data to measure residents’ welfare, and analyzes the difference between urban and rural residents’ welfare, then estimates the welfare effects and its mechanisms of heterogeneous migration. We found that although the mean welfare of urban community residents is higher than rural community residents, urban community residents’ welfare is lower than rural community residents’ when individuals’ characters were controlled, and the welfare of migrants is lower than urban and rural residents who did not migrated. Considering the heterogeneity of migration behavior, we found that the welfare of out-city migrants is significantly lower than who did not migrate, but the welfare of in-city migrants who obtained household registration is higher than who did not migrate, and the welfare of in-city migrants who did not obtained household registration is the same with who did not migrate. The effect of migration behavior is heterogeneous at different ages and living years in the destination city. To a certain extent, the differential effects of heterogeneous migration can be explained by the changes of income, housing and living environment. Improving housing security is an important channel to improve the welfare level of the migrations.更多还原