【摘要】 无患子果皮中富含的皂苷是一种表面活性高且天然环保的非离子型表面活性剂,与化学表面活性剂复配可协同提高溶液体系的表面性能,降低经济成本及对环境的压力。文中利用超声辅助醇提法从无患子中提取皂苷,与不同类型化学表面活性剂进行复配,研究了皂苷单体及其复配体系的表面性能及润湿煤尘的效果。结果表明:无患子皂苷单体的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.51 g/L,临界胶束浓度表面张力为41.3 mN/m,表面性能优越;无患子皂苷与阴离子、非离子、两性离子型化学表面活性剂复配可协同提高溶液表面性能、减少煤尘沉降时间,与阳离子型复配可协同提高表面性能,但煤尘沉降时间增加。总体而言,复配体系在增加煤尘润湿性方面产生协同增效作用大小排序如下:皂苷+顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)>皂苷+烷基糖苷(APG)>皂苷+十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(OA-12)>皂苷+十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)。皂苷+APG、皂苷+AOT复配体系浓度大于0.2 g/L时,便可将煤尘沉降时间降至1 min以下,与主流应用的抑尘表面活性剂相比更高效、更经济、更环保。更多还原

【Abstract】 Saponin extracted from pericarp of Sapindus mukurossi is a natural and green nonionic surfactant with high surface activity that can pose a synergic effect on improving surface property of compounding, reducing cost and burden on environment when combined with chemical surfactants.In this paper, Sapindus mukurossi saponin extracted by ultrasonic assist-solvent extraction method was combined with categories of chemical surfactants to study the surface property and wetting effect on coal dust.The result shows that the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of saponins extract is 0.51 g/L,and the surface tension of cmc is 41.3 mN/m, which indicates a high surface activity.Solution of saponin combined with anionic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactant can synergically enhance the ability to form micelle, reduce the surface tension and coal dust wetting time, however the coal dust wetting time of cationic surfactant combined solution increases.The synergic effect of saponin mixtures on coal dust wettability from strong to weak is generally in the following order: saponin+ sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate(AOT)>saponin+ alkyl polyglucoside(APG)>saponin+N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide(OA-12)>saponin+N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride(1631).When the concentration is above 0.2 g/L,the mixture of saponin and APG,saponin and AOT can reduce the coal dust wetting time to less than 1 min, which has been demonstrated to be more effective, greener and cheaper compared with traditional chemical additives for coal dust removal.更多还原