【摘要】 井工开采形成的冒落带和裂隙带触及或破坏煤系上覆重要含水层时形成导水裂隙,目前少有研究将导水裂隙发育程度与地表生态环境响应进行耦合。为阐明导水裂隙发育对地表土壤环境的影响,首先通过分析不同导水裂隙发育程度下地表土壤物理、养分和生物因子变化特征,再应用主成分分析法对不同裂隙发育程度下土壤因子进行分类排序与评价。结果表明:榆神府矿区地表裂隙发育后土壤质量均有下降趋势,其中导水裂隙发育区地表损害后,土壤pH、粉粒、过氧化氢酶和真菌含量增加,土壤容重、有效养分、其他酶类活性和菌类数量均下降,该区土壤质量显著降低;而导水裂隙不发育区(有导水裂隙发育但程度轻微)土壤各因子质量虽有一定程度下降但不显著,土壤质量变化幅度较小;土壤颗粒组成、酶活性和微生物数量是影响研究区土壤质量的主要因子。结果表明不同导水裂隙发育程度区土壤质量损害程度不同,在矿区土壤修复过程中可依据不同导水裂隙发育程度制定相应经济、有效的恢复治理规划。更多还原

【Abstract】 The caving and fracture zone formed by underground mining results in water-conducting fissures when it touches or destroys important aquifers.However, few studies couple the development of water-conducting fissures with the surface ecological environment.In this paper, the characteristics of topsoil physical, chemical, and biological factors under different development of water-conducting fissures in Yushenfu mining area were studied, and the soil index under different development of water-conducting fissures was ordered by principal component analysis.The results showed that: the soil quality decreased after the surface damage in the Yushenfu mining area; soil pH,silt, catalase, and fungi content increased, while soil bulk density, available nutrients, other enzyme activities, and fungi quantity decreased in the developed water-conducting fissure area compared with the undamaged area; these soil factors decreased to a certain extent, but not significantly compared with the undamaged area in the less-developed water-conducting fissure area; soil particle composition, enzyme activity, and microbial quantity were the main factors controlling soil quality in the study area.These results indicated that the topsoil damage was different in different developing degrees of water-conducting fissure areas, thus different restoration approaches may be formulated according to the different developing degrees of the water-conducting fissure.更多还原