【摘要】 【目的】研究冬小麦精量穴播栽培模式效果,为滴灌小麦优质高产栽培技术规程提供科学依据。【方法】在不同播种量处理的示范田内样点调查,采用固定和随机取样等方法,调查与分析空穴率、基本苗、冬前总茎数、越冬总茎数、平均单株分蘖数及可能有效分蘖数、有效穗数、产量等,与龙王庙村常规播种地块对比产量和效益。【结果】获取精量穴播冬小麦播种量6.3 kg/667m~2、8.3 kg/667m~2 2个播种量的空穴率分别是20.6%、9.1%,基本苗分别是10.3×10~4/667m~2、14.4×10~4/667m~2,冬前单株分蘖数分别是3.1和2.8,冬前分蘖成穗率分别是98%和65%,平均单株成穗率分别是403%和283%,收获穗数分别是41.5×10~4/667m~2和40.7×10~4/667m~2、实收单产分别是628和632 kg/667m~2等,精量穴播2个处理均取得了较高的产量,分别比同等条件下条播16 kg/667m~2播种量处理实收单产分别增加38和42 kg/667m~2,节约种子分别是9.7和7.7 kg/667m~2,增加效益分别是494.16和488.84元/667m~2。【结论】冬小麦产量高低与播种量没有明显关系;随着播种量的增加,平均单株成穗率和冬前分蘖成穗率逐渐减少;在肥水充足的条件下,收获穗数随着播量增加呈下降趋势;平均穗粒数随着平均穗数增加而减少;精量播种冬小麦可以节约生产成本,提高产量和种植效益;播量为6.3 kg/667m~2时,冬前分蘖数与分蘖成穗数接近,有效分蘖数和收获穗数最高,平均单株成穗率达403%,冬前分蘖成穗率达98%,节本增效金额达494.16元/667m~2,节本增效最多。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 To study the effectiveness of the precision seeding technique of winter wheat, and to improve the high-quality and high-yield cultivation technique regulation of drip irrigation wheat. 【Method】 Set up fixed survey points in demonstration fields with different seeding rates, and use fixed sampling and random sampling to investigate the cavitation rate, basic seedlings, total number of stems before winter, total number of stems overwintering, average number of tillers per plant, and The possible effective tiller number, effective ear number, yield and other data are compared with the conventional planting plots in Longwangmiao Village in terms of yield and benefits. 【Results】 The results showed that the hole rates of 6.3 kg/667 m~2 and 8.3 kg/667 m~2 sowing rates were 20.6% and 9.1% respectively, the basic seedlings were 10.3 × 10~4/667 m~2 and 14.4 × 10~4/667 m~2 respectively, the tillers per plant were 3.1 and 2.8 respectively before winter, the tiller ear forming rate was 98% and 65% respectively before winter, the average ear forming rate per plant was 403% and 283% respectively, the harvested ears were 41.5 × 10~4/667 m~2 and 40.7 × 10~4/667 m~2 respectively, and the yield per unit area was 628 Compared with 16 kg/667 m~2 of drill sowing, the yield per unit area increased by 38 and 42 kg/667 m~2 respectively, the seed saved by 9.7 and 7.7 kg/667 m~2 respectively, and the benefit increased by 494.16 and 488.84 yuan/667 m~2 respectively. 【Conclusion】 There is no obvious relationship between the yield of winter wheat and the sowing rate; with the increase of the sowing rate, the average single plant ear formation rate and effective tillering rate will gradually decrease; under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the harvested ear number will increase with the sowing rate Shows a downward trend; the average number of grains per spike decreases with the increase of the average number of spikes; precise sowing of winter wheat can save production costs, increase yield and planting benefits; when the sowing rate is 6.3 kg/667 m~2, the number of tillers and the number of tillers into ears before winter The number of effective tillers and the number of harvested ears are the highest. The average ear formation rate per plant is 403%, the tiller ear formation rate before winter reaches 98%, and the cost-saving and efficiency-increasing amount reaches 494.16 yuan/667 m~2, which is the most cost-saving and efficiency-increasing.更多还原