【摘要】 免疫治疗在肿瘤治疗中的地位日益重要，其中免疫检查点抑制剂表现尤为突出，然而其单独应用的有效率较低，而与肿瘤传统治疗的联合常常能产生协同抗肿瘤效应，尤其与放射治疗的联合非常值得期待。放疗可通过多种方式调控免疫反应进而直接或间接作用于肿瘤细胞，如诱导免疫原性细胞死亡或改变肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞浸润等。而免疫治疗则可通过调节肿瘤微环境中浸润的免疫细胞、血管正常化等方面影响放疗的效果。本文重点阐述免疫治疗和放疗之间的相互作用，并详细阐述了不同放疗剂量分割、时机对免疫治疗的影响，展望放疗在免疫时代需要解决的问题和未来发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in cancer treatment, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, due to low immunotherapy efficiency, a synergistic anti-tumor response may be produced through combined application with traditional tumor treatment methods. Among them immune combined radiotherapy is highly anticipated. Radiotherapy can directly or indirectly act on tumor cells by regulating the immune response in a variety of ways, such as inducing immunogenic cell death or changing the immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy can also affect the effect of radiotherapy by regulating the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the normalization of blood vessels. This article focuses on the interaction and theoretical basis between immunotherapy and radiotherapy, then analyzes in detail the effects of different doses and timely radiotherapy on immune response, and finally summarizes the problems and future development directions of radiotherapy under the influence of immunotherapy.更多还原