【摘要】 共建共治共享是提升区域治理水平的重要抓手,生态环保是京津冀协同发展的重点领域之一,跨地区生态补偿是促进生态共建共治共享的有效措施。京津冀有效推进了生态共建共治共享,在水源涵养、风沙源防治等层面实施了横向生态补偿,但横向生态补偿范围偏窄,补偿依据、补偿标准不够明确和统一,尚未全面形成生态受益者付费、保护者得到合理补偿的政策环境。文章在共建共治共享视角下,立足于中国生态补偿要求与计划,以"为什么补"、"谁补谁"、"补多少"核心议题为主线,以生态系统服务的区域外溢、生态保护的直接成本和机会成本为主要依据,构建生态保护城市与受益城市界定模型、城市生态补偿综合模型,以地市为基本单元进行测算,提出京津冀城市生态补偿政策建议。结果显示:(1)2017年京津冀的生态保护城市有承德、张家口、秦皇岛、保定、横水、廊坊市,生态受益城市主要有北京、天津、石家庄、邯郸、唐山和沧州,邢台为生态中位城市;(2)生态受益城市每年支付补偿金额1—100亿元不等,北京市支付补偿最多,北京市、天津市、石家庄市补偿金额占当地财政预算收入的比例在1%—3%之间,符合国际惯例;(3)生态保护城市受偿金额0.7—51亿元不等,张家口受偿最多,占当地财政预算收入的比例在0.6%—52.1%不等,张家口和承德两市所占比例最大,对区域社会经济发展有较好的支持作用。建议在京津冀协同发展机制中,积极构建城市生态补偿长效机制,统一补偿依据与标准,设立城市生态保护补偿专项资金,采取市场化、多元化补偿方式,促进城市之间生态共建共治共享。更多还原

【Abstract】 Co-construction, co-governance and sharing is an important step for improving the level of regional governance. Ecoenvironmental protection is one of the key areas of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Cross-regional ecological compensation is an effective measure to promote ecological co-construction, co-governance and sharing. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has effectively promoted ecological co-construction, co-governance and sharing, and implemented horizontal ecological compensation at the level of water conservation, wind and sandstorm source control, etc. However, the scope of horizontal ecological compensation is narrow, and the compensation basis and compensation standards are not clear and unified. A policy environment where beneficiaries pay and protectors receive reasonable compensation has not yet been fully formed. From the perspective of coconstruction, co-governance and sharing, this article is based on China’s ecological compensation requirements and plans, focusing on the core topics of “Why compensate?”, “Who compensates who?”, and “How much to compensate?”. Based on the regional spillover of ecosystem service, the direct cost and opportunity cost of ecological protection, a defining model for of ecological protection cities and beneficiary cities and a comprehensive model for urban ecological compensation are constructed. Take prefectures and cities as the basic unit to carry out calculations, the policy proposals for urban ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are put forward. The results show that,(1) In 2016, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological protection cities include Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Hengshui, Langfang. The ecological beneficiary cities include Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Tangshan and Cangzhou, and Xingtai is an ecologically neutral city;(2) Ecological beneficiary cities pay between 100 million yuan and 10 billion yuan in compensation each year, with Beijing paying the most. Compensation amounts in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang account for 1%-3% of their local fiscal budget revenue, which is in line with international practices; And(3) the amount of compensation for ecological protection cities ranges from 70 million yuan to 5.1 billion yuan. Zhangjiakou receives the most compensation, accounting for 0.6%-52.1% of the local fiscal budget revenue. Zhangjiakou and Chengde have the largest proportions, which have a good supporting role in regional socio-economic development. It is suggested that in the coordinated development mechanism of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, we should actively build a long-term urban ecological compensation mechanism, unify basis and standards of compensation, set up special funds for urban ecological protection compensation, and adopt market-oriented and diversified compensation methods to promote co-construction, co-governance and sharing among cities.更多还原