【摘要】 用有机肥替代部分化肥,是降低橘园化肥施用量的重要途径之一。为明确橘园有机肥替代化肥的最适比例,在湖北当阳柑橘主产区开展了两年的田间试验,比较了不同比例化学氮肥减量配合饼肥施用对柑橘果实产量品质、叶片营养及橘园土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥处理相比,化学氮肥减量30%以内配合饼肥施用并未显著改变2018及2019年的柑橘产量。然而,饼肥完全替代化学氮肥处理相比常规施肥处理产量显著降低。2019年,化学氮肥减量30%以内配合饼肥施用处理的柑橘果实中可滴定酸含量显著低于常规施肥处理,固酸比则显著高于常规施肥处理。在生长周期内各处理柑橘叶片中C、N、P、K、Ca及Mg的含量变化趋势基本一致,且在同一时期内各处理间均无显著差别。但饼肥完全替代化学氮肥导致叶片中的N含量在大部分时间内均低于其他处理。在土壤养分方面,各处理土壤有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、有效Ca及有效Mg含量均无显著差异。研究结果说明,在当阳地区常规施肥的基础上,通过配施饼肥减少化学氮肥30%的投入是可行的,并不会减少柑橘产量,同时对果实品质也有一定的提升作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Substituting organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizer is one of the effective ways to reduce the chemical fertilizer application in orangery.To clear and definite the optimal ratio of substituting organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizer,a field experiment was carried out in Dangyang,Hubei province for two years,and compared the effects of different proportions of chemical nitrogen reduction combined with cabe fertilizer application on citrus fruit yield and quality,leaf nutrition,and orange orchard soil fertility.Results showed there was no significant difference that citrus yield of 2018 and 2019 in the treatment of cake fertilizer application with nitrogen chemical fertilizer reduced less than 30% compared with the treatment of conventional fertilization.On the contrary,cake fertilizer application with non-nitrogen chemical fertilizer led to the significant lower yield than the conventional fertilization.The treatment of cake fertilizer application with nitrogen chemical fertilizer reduced less than 30% showed a significant lower citrus fruit titratable acid content,but a significant higher ratio of soluble solids to titratable acid than the treatment of conventional fertilization in 2019.The contents of C,N,P,K,Ca and Mg in the leaves showed similar dynamics in each treatment during the citrus growing period,but no significant difference was detected between different treatments in the same period.However,the treatment of cake fertilizer application with nitrogen chemical fertilizer showed a lower leaves TN content than other treatments in most of sample points.In terms of soil nutrients,there was no significant difference on organic matter,total N,available P,available K,available Ca and available Mg contents among the treatments.Thus,on the basis of conventional fertilization in Dangyang area,it was feasible to reduce 30% of chemical nitrogen input with the substituting of cake fertilizer,which may no effect the yield and significantly improve the quality of citrus fruit.更多还原