【摘要】 天然林资源是国家重要的战略资源与生态资源,在维护国土生态安全、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性等方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。作为覆盖范围最广、投资规模最大的天然林资源保护工程(简称天保工程)自2000年正式启动以来,对长江上游、黄河上中游地区以及东北、内蒙古、新疆、海南等重点国有林区的森林资源保护修复、区域生态环境改善及经济社会可持续发展等多方面都产生了巨大、深远影响。天保工程二期于2020年结束,全面定量评估天保工程的生态、经济和社会综合效益和国内外的巨大影响,可为全面推进我国天然林资源保护修复提供科技支撑,为后续政策修订提供决策依据。本文基于空间信息技术、样地调查、生态站观测、比较分析等手段,构建了适用于天保工程的综合评价指标体系与评估方法,涵盖森林资源、生态效益、社会经济效益、生态修复措施和政策设计5个方面,对全面贯彻落实国家生态文明战略和《天然林保护修复制度方案》具有重要的现实意义和深远历史意义,为开展全国性的重大生态工程评估提供借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural forest resources are important strategic and ecological resources in China, which play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the eco-security of the national territory, mitigating climate change and protecting biodiversity. Since its full launch in 2000, the Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP) has had a huge impact on the forest resource conservation and restoration, ecological environment improvement, regional economic and social sustainable development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, as well as key state-owned forest regions in Northeast China, the Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Hainan. The second phase of NFPP was successfully completed in 2020, and thus, it is the time to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the multiple-dimension effects and impacts of NFPP, which can provide decision-making basis for updating relevant policies and scientific support for comprehensively promoting the protection and restoration of natural forests. To evaluate the implementation effectiveness of NFPP, this paper elaborated a comprehensive system of methodology that include the five dimensions in terms of forest resource, ecological benefit, social and economic benefit, ecological restoration measures and policy design. Several approaches in terms of spatial information technology, sample plot survey, ecological station observation, comparative analysis and other methods were employed and developed for the quantitative assessment of NFPP. This evaluation system will be of great significance to the overall implementation of the National Eco-civilization Strategy and《Natural Forest Protection and Restoration System Plan》, and provide good guidance and reference for the national major ecological project evaluation.更多还原