【摘要】 牲畜数量的变化是草地可持续管理的重要问题,掌握牲畜的时空变化特征有利于了解放牧活动对草地生态系统的影响。以青藏高原1978—2017年牲畜存栏量为基础,对青藏高原近40年来牲畜的数量变化趋势和1990年、2000年、2010年及2017年青藏高原牲畜量空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明:自1978年以来青藏高原牛、羊年末存栏量总体呈现增长趋势,其年均增长率分别为0.15%和0.32%,马呈现下降趋势,年均增长率为-0.95%;青藏高原牲畜量在空间上表现为由东向西减少的特征,1990—2017年青藏高原牲畜量增长主要位于青海东北部,新疆西南部,西藏东部及四川北部,而青海南部和西藏西北部是牲畜量明显减少的地区;青藏高原的牲畜量以0.28%的年均增长率增多,其中青海和西藏年均增长率为负,分别为-0.13%和-0.07%,其他四个省份年均增长率均为正数,分别为四川0.28%、新疆1.23%、云南0.79%和甘肃0.98%。研究针对青藏高原牲畜存栏量进行时空分析,明晰了青藏高原牲畜存栏量的时空变化,为研究青藏高原草畜平衡及人类放牧活动对草地生态系统的影响提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The change of livestock quantity is an important issue for sustainable grassland management. Grasping the characteristics of the spatial and temporal changes of livestock is helpful to understand the impact of grazing activities on grassland ecosystem. Based on the amount of livestock i n the Tibetan Plateau from 1978 to 2017, this paper analyzed the trend of livestock quantity in the past 40 years and the spatial distribution characteristics of livestock in the Tibetan Pla teau in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017. The results show that since 197 8, the annual stock of cattle and sheep on the Tibetan Plateau has generally shown an increasing trend, with an average annual growth rate 0.15% and 0.32% respectively, while the annual stock of horses has shown decreasing trend, with the average annual gr owth rate was-0.95%. The livestock quantity in the Tibetan Plateau was decreasing from east to west. From 1990 to 2017, the increase of livestock in the Tibetan Plateau was mainly located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, southwest of Xinjiang Autonom ous Region, east of Tibet Autonomous Region and north of Sichuan Province, while the livestock population decreased significantly in the southern part of Qinghai Province and the northwestern part of Tibet Autonomous Region. The livestock population in the Tibetan Plateau increased at an average annual growth rate of 0.28%, with Qinghai and Tibet having negative annual growth rates of-0.13% and-0.07%respectively; the other four provinces had positive annual growth rates of 0.28% in Sichuan, 1.23% in Xinj iang, 0.79% in Yunnan and 0.98% in Gansu. Based on the spatiotemporal analysis of the livestock population on the Tibetan Plateau, the temporal and spatial changes of the livestock population on the Tibetan Plateau are clarified. This study provides a refe rence for the study of grassland-livestock balance and the impact of human grazing activities on grassland ecosystem in the Tibetan Plateau.更多还原