【摘要】 如何建设和保护生态良田,发挥好农田的多种功能,是统筹协调生态文明建设和耕地资源保护关系的基础。摸清农田的景观现状,可为景观尺度下的生态良田设计提供重要依据。以广东省河源市陂头镇和惠州市泰美镇典型农田为例,通过实地调研和区域遥感影像观测,调查分析了农田景观要素的现状与分布特征,分析了当地农作物利用格局与季节差异及常见杂草种类,并借鉴层次分析法和景观格局指标对农田景观质量进行评价。结果表明:1)陂头镇和泰美镇各农田景观中的景观要素形态、比例差距较大,分布凌乱;2)作物类型种类丰富,以蔬菜(冬季)和水稻(夏季)为主;3)农田及边界常见杂草有60种,含7种恶性杂草;4)景观评价仅为中等、一般水平,存在景观格局凌乱和细碎化程度偏高的问题。为了有效利用丰富的农业资源,实现美丽乡村建设目标,陂头镇和泰美镇应当在原有基础上进行功能植物的配置,农田景观建设,提升农田景观生态服务功能,推动农业转型升级。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to build and protect ecological farmland that provides the various functions of farmland is the basis for the overall coordination of the relationship between the construction of ecological civilization and the protection cultivated la nd resource. Finding out the current situation of farmland landscape can provide an important basis for the design of ecological farmland on the landscape scale. Taking the typical farmland in Beitou Town of Heyuan City and Taimei Town of Huizhou City as examples, we investigated and analyzed the current situation and distribution characteristics of farmland landscape elements,the local crop utilization patterns, seasonal difference, and common weed species via field investigation and regional remote sensing image observation, and evaluated the quality of farmland landscape through analytic hierarchy process and landscape pattern index. The results show that: 1) in Beitou Town and Taimei Town, the significant differences are found in form and proportion of the landscape elements, and their distribution is messy; 2) the types of crops is abundant, the vegetables(winter)and rice(summer) are the main crops among them; 3) there are 60 species of common weeds in farmland and border, including 7 species of malignant weeds; 4) the landscape evaluation is only at an average level, reflecting in a messy landscape pattern and high degree of fragmentation. To make effective use of the abundant agricultural resources and achieve the goal of beautiful rural construction, Beitou Towm and Taimei Towm should carry out the allocation of functional plants, the construction of farmland landscape on the original basis to enhance the ecological service function of farmland landscape, and to promote agricultural transformation and upgrading.更多还原