【摘要】 分析生态脆弱性的空间分布特征、形成原因以及对其进行定量研究对于合理利用土地资源、保护生态环境以及可持续发展都具有一定的指导意义。以云南省富源县为例,在生态脆弱性评价指标体系研究的基础上,结合研究区域实际情况,运用熵权法构建生态脆弱性评价模型。以"压力-状态-响应"为评估框架,从生态压力度、生态敏感性、生态恢复力三个方面选取评价指标(景观分维数、矿区扰动指数、居民点临近指数、景观破碎度、地形指数、植被覆盖度、景观适应度指数、优势度)。在格网尺度对生态脆弱性展开评估并使用点格局方法对不同空间尺度下各生态脆弱等级动态特征和变化规律进行分析。结果表明:(1)水域的生态脆弱性最高,草地和灌木林地次之,乔木林地最低;(2)全县生态脆弱性空间分布差异较大,呈现"中部高两端低"的分布特征;(3)中安镇生态脆弱性最高,墨红镇最低;(4)不同脆弱度等级空间分布格局表现出一定相似性,在中小尺度下高度集群分布,随着空间尺度的增大,聚集性逐渐减弱,且尺度范围有所变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied the spatial distribution pattern and characteristics features of ecological vulnerability through several analyses in Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The study explored how it formed in quantitatively for guiding significance to make rational utilization of resources, in terms of protecting the eco-environment through sustainable development. Combined ecological vulnerability assessment index system was used by entropy weight method to build a model to study the actual situation in the study area. The framework assessment was monitored using the "Pressure-State-Response"(PSR) method from three aspects of ecological supporting pressure, sensitivity and resilience. The PSR assessment was done by chooing the following eight evaluate indices, which were landscape fractal dimension, mining disturbance index, residential neighborhood index, landscape fragmentation, topographic index, vegetation cover, landscape adaptability and dominance index. Assessing the ecological vulnerability at grid scale was followed. The dynamic characteristics of ecological vulnerability levels and the change rules under different spatial scales were analyzed by point pattern method. The results showed that:(1) the highest ecological vulnerability occurred in water area, followed by grassland, shrubbery, and lowest happened in arboreal lands.(2) The spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability was of greater difference overall county, which showed the "high in the middle and low at both ends".(3) Zhong’an town had the highest ecological vulnerability, and the lowest occurred on Mohong Town.(4) The spatial distribution pattern of different vulnerability levels showed a certain similarity, with high clustering distribution at small and medium-sized scales. The aggregation was weakened gradually with the spatial scale increasing, and the scale range was changed.更多还原