【摘要】 以牛粪污水为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术研究三种微生物除臭菌剂在牛粪污水除臭过程中对细菌多样性的影响,并对部分菌群功能进行预测分析。对分别添加布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)CC1、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmethylotrophicus)Q3、苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum)FSB进行除臭处理的牛粪污水细菌多样性及群落结构进行分析对比。结果表明:(1)分别添加甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Q3和苍白杆菌FSB的处理可使粪水的微生物群落丰富度和多样性先升后降,而添加布氏乳杆菌CC1的处理微生物群落丰富度和多样持续升高。(2)在属水平,不同处理的组间差异性较大,微生物的丰富度、多样性、相似性、优势菌群均有不同。与除臭和降解功能相关的脱硫微菌属(Desulfomicrobium)、纤维素分解菌属(Ruminiclostridium)、Prolixibacter菌属和Desulfomicrobium菌属在分别添加菌剂处理的F、C、Q组与对照组K,CK差异明显并随着发酵时间的变化而变化,其中随着处理时间的延长,纤维素分解菌属(Ruminiclostridium)的丰度增加明显,菌剂处理组增幅明显大于对照组,发酵15天时在处理Q中,其丰度由0增加到13.01%,F处理和C处理分别由0增加到4.33%,而对照组仅由0增加到1.69%;具有除NH3功能的菌属Prolixibacter的丰度在所有处理中发酵3天时丰度最大, 15天时为0;与产NH3功能相关的菌属Paracoccus随着发酵进程逐渐降低,在15天时完全消失;产生H2S的菌属Desulfomicrobium也随着发酵进程逐渐降低,由对照的5.22%下降至3%以下,并且添加菌剂组下降幅度大于不加菌剂组;病原菌Pesudomonas和Acholeplasma的数量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,由0天的1.54%和2.8%降至15天的1.38%和1.87%。(3)在门水平含量最多的是变形菌门(Proteobacteria),接下来依次为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)、热脱硫杆菌门(Spirochaetae)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)。其中,变细菌门在K2处理中丰度最高,达43.6%,在C1处理中最低,为27.5%,并且在所有处理中表现出发酵15天的丰富度大于3天的变化趋势。厚壁菌门在处理F、Q、C中也表现出发酵15天的含量大于3天的变化趋势。拟杆菌门和放线菌门在所有处理中都表现出随着发酵时间的延长而含量降低的现象,并且所有处理的含量均低于空白对照;在Q和F处理中,与纤维素降解相关的纤维杆菌门的含量明显升高。(4)功能菌群总体变化趋势为:分别添加三种菌剂组中纤维素分解菌群、有机物降解菌群、固氮菌群、H2S/NH3去除菌群种类和丰度明显高于对照组,而H2S/NH3产生菌低于对照组,病原菌和土著菌株经过发酵后含量明显降低或消失。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diversity of microbial community was studied in cow dung deodorization in which Lactobacillus buchneri CC1, Bacillus methylotrophicus Q3 and Ochrobactrum FSB were added separately. We analyzed microbial community structure by 16 S rDNA sequences of different treatments. The results indicated that adding Bacillus methylotrophicus Q3 and Ochrobactrum FSB made abundance and diversity of microflora in dung first rising and then descending. But adding Lactobacillus buchneri CC1 made abundance and diversity of microflora in dung rising persistently. On Genus level, there was great difference on abundance, diversity, similarity and dominant microbiology in different samples. Desulfomicrobium, Ruminiclostridium, Prolixibacter and Desulfomicrobium relating with deodorization and degradation had great difference in all samples, which changed with fementation time. Abundance of Ruminiclostridium increased distinctly with time expansion and the groups adding microbial inoculums were greater than control, and its abundance in Q increased from 0 to 13.01%, in group F and group C increased from 0 to 4.33%, but control group increased from 0 to 1.69% after 15 days. Abundance of Prolixibacter removing NH3 was the highest in all groups at the third day and was 0 at the fifteenth day. Abundance of Desulfomicrobium producing H2 S decreased from 5.22% to 3% with fermentation process and falling range of group adding microbial inoculums higher than control group. The sum of pathogenic bacteria Pesudomonas and Acholeplasma showed a trend of ascending in first and descending at last which decreased from 1.54% and 2.8% at 0 day to 1.38% and1.87% at the fifteenth day. Richness index of Proteobacteria was the highest, successively Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, Spirochaetae, Verrucomicrobi and Fibrobacteres on Phylum level. The abundance of Proteobacteria was 43.6% in group K2 and 27.5% in group C1. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased with fermentation time expansion in all groups and the groups adding microbial inoculums were lower than control group. In group Q and group F, proportion of Fibrobacteres releasing to cellulose degradation increased clearly. Its general tendency was that diversity and abundance in treatments added deodorizing microorganism separately were greater than control treatments in term of cellulose decomposition flora, Organic degradation flora, nitrogen fixation flora and H2 S/NH3 dislodge flora. But bacteria producing H2 S/NH3 were less than control group. Pathogenic bacteria and Indigenous bacteria in cow dung deceased or disappeared.更多还原