【摘要】 以大兴安岭地区遭受松针红斑病侵染的阿木尔林业局(2008—2015年)为研究对象,通过样地调查和定位观测,测得样地林型、郁闭度和受灾情况等。运用数学统计分析方法计算出感染指数、Simpson多样性指数等指标,分析森林生物多样性与松针红斑病的直接关系。以白桦林、落叶松林和樟子松林为主要林型,验证森林多样性——稳定性假说,分析森林多样性对森林自身稳定性的变化规律。研究表明:松针红斑病侵染主要集中在缓坡杜鹃白桦林、坡地杜鹃落叶松林和坡地落叶松林3种典型林型,占总受侵害林型的89.04%;将感染病害样地的感染指数与郁闭度值进行2次拟合,得出y=-139.32x~2+116.36x+4.623 1,拟合度R~2=0.799 8;将受病害样地的Simpson指数与其感染指数进行2次拟合,得出y=0.002 2x~2-0.142 2x+2.790 6,拟合度R~2=0.726 7;将两组关系式制图,可看出感染指数不是随郁闭度的增加不断上升,而是达到一定郁闭度后呈下降的趋势,在郁闭度为0.417 6时,感染指数开始回落,而随着Simpson多样性指数的增加,感染指数有明显降低的趋势。结果证明,不同类型林分物种组成的木本植物生物多样性存在差异,森林木本植物多样性高的林分,其抵御病害作用能力相应提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Selected the samples infected by Dothistroma pini from Amuer Forestry Bureau of the Da Xing’an Mountains from 2008 to 2015 as the research object, through field survey and fixed location observation, the forest type, canopy density and disaster situation were measured. The infection index, Simpson diversity index and other indexes were calculated by mathematical statistical analysis method, and the direct relationship between forest biodiversity and Dothistroma pini was analyzed. Taking white birch, larch and Mongolian scots pine as the main forest types, the hypothesis of forest diversity-stability was verified, and the change rule of forest diversity on the stability of forest was analyzed. The results showed that in the survey area, the infection of Dothistroma pini was mainly concentrated in the three typical forest types, the gentle slope of Rhododendron birch forest, hillside forest of Rhododendron larch and hillside larch forest, accounting for 89.04 % of the total affected forest types. The infection index of the disease-infected field was fitted twice with the canopy density value, and the result was y=-139.32x~2 +116.36x+4.623 1, the fitting degree of the R~2=0.799 8. The Simpson index of the disease-infected field was fitted twice with its infection index, and the result was y=0.002 2x~2-0.142 2x+2.790 6, the fitting degree of R~2=0.726 7. Drawing the two sets of relational formulas, it could be seen that the infection index did not increase with the increase in canopy density, but a downward trend when it reached a certain canopy closure. When canopy=0.417 6, the infection index began to fall, while the index of infection decreased with the rising of Simpson diversity index. It was believed that the woody plant biodiversity of different types of forest species composition was different, and the forest with high forest woody plant diversity had a corresponding increase in their ability to resist disease.更多还原