【摘要】 随着北冰洋海冰快速减退,气–冰–海系统发生显著变化,波弗特流涡也发生显著变化。本文使用实测资料和海洋大气再分析数据,探讨北冰洋波弗特流涡的长期变化和大气动量输入对波弗特流涡变化的影响。波弗特流涡的长期变化可以分为3个典型时期(1980–1995年,1996–2007年,2008–2018年)。最近时期(2008–2018年),波弗特流涡平均流涡强度达到4.39×10–7,相较于第1个时期(1980–1995年),流涡强度增加近2倍,达到稳定的状态。波弗特流涡范围扩大,主体向西北移动;上层海洋斜压性增强。与此同时,上层海洋环流主模态已发生显著转变:1980–1995年,环流主模态为影响整个加拿大海盆的加拿大海盆模态;2008–2018年的主模态则转变为影响整个研究海域的太平洋扇区模态。最近时期,表征气–海之间动量输入的气–海应力显著增加,尤其是夏末秋初的8–10月,与冰–海应力几乎相当。增加的大气动量输入带来平均动能增加,埃克曼泵压效应增强,下盐跃层深度加深,增加的大气动量输入进而导致近年来波弗特流涡的显著增强。加拿大海盆南部是大气动量输入的关键区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Beaufort Gyre(BG) had presented the significant changes associated with the complicated interactions between the Arctic air-ice-ocean system. In this paper, the observed McLane Moored Profiler data combined with the oceanic and atmospheric reanalysis datasets are used to discuss the influence of atmospheric momentum input on the BG long term changes. The BG exhibited the three different stages from 1980 to 2018(1980-1995,1996-2007, 2008-2018). The BG kept a stable state during the recent period(2008-2018). Compared with the first period(1980-1995), the BG strength reached up to 4.39×10-7, and increased nearly twice during the recent period.Meanwhile, the upper ocean processes showed the measurable discrepancies, such as the BG area expanded, gyre moved northwestward, and upper baroclinicity enhanced. Accordingly, the leading upper circulation mode had undergone a significant shift during these two periods. During the recent period, that is the leading Pacific sector mode played the main role in the upper circulation, while the basin mode receded the domination. Since the airocean stress represents the atmospheric momentum input process, our study indicated the summer air-ocean stress(August-October) increased remarkably and was even equivalent to the contribution of sea ice. The increased atmospheric momentum input may benefit to the mean kinetic energy increasing, together with the Ekman pumping enhancing and cold halocline deepening. Thus, the mentioned processes resulted in the BG obvious enhancement during the recent period. The southern Canada basin was the key area for the atmospheric momentum input.更多还原