【摘要】 华北地区锰矿种类较多,有海相沉积型、沉积变质型、热液型和矽卡岩型四种。其中海相沉积型矿床为主要的矿种类型,既有华北最大的锰矿,也有目前世界上唯一的锰方硼石矿床,该类型矿床主要形成于晚古生代-中上元古代;热液型锰矿在我国所有锰矿类型中资源量仅占1%,但主要产出于华北地区,其形成时代为中生代侏罗纪-白垩纪;沉积变质型锰矿为沉积型锰矿床受区域变质或接触变质作用而形成的锰矿床,华北地区此类型的矿床主要形成于中元古代、早中奥陶纪。矽卡岩型锰矿发现较少,华北地区目前仅发现一处,其形成时代为侏罗纪-白垩纪。不同的成矿构造环境,形成不同类型的锰矿床,中元古代华北陆块北缘巨型裂陷槽控制了与沉积相关的沉积型锰矿床;早-中奥陶世形成的弧前盆地浅海-滨海地带形成了沉积变质型锰矿床;中生代滨西太平洋活动大陆边缘构造环境形成了大兴安岭火山-岩浆构造带,并形成热液型锰矿床。在此基础上,阐明了华北地区锰矿的时空分布特征,分析了华北地区锰矿的主要控矿因素,总结了不同类型锰矿床的成矿模式,对提升华北地区锰矿床成矿理论研究和指导锰矿勘查实践有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Manganese ore resources widely spread in North China,including Marine sedimentary type,sedimentary metamorphic type, hydrothermal type and skarn type. Marine sedimentary deposits are the main types of ore, including the largest manganese deposit in North China and the only chambersite deposit in the world. This type of deposit was mainly formed in Late Paleozoic-Middle-Upper Proterozoic. Hydrothermal manganese ore only account for 1% of all types of manganese ore in China, but they are mainly produced in North China and formed in Jurassic to Cretaceous period of Mesozoic. Sedimentary metamorphic manganese deposits are formed by regional metamorphism or contact metamorphism. The deposits of this type in North China were mainly formed in Mesoproterozoic and Early Middle Ordovician. Skarn type manganese deposits are seldom found, and only one has been found in North China, which formed in Jurassic-Cretaceous. Different types of manganese deposits were formed under different metallogenic tectonic Settings. The sedimentary manganese deposits were controlled by the giant rifting trough in the northern margin of the North China Block in Mesoproterozoic.Sedimentary metamorphic manganese deposits were formed in the shallow-coastal zone of forearc basin formed in the Early to Middle Ordovician. The tectonic environment of the west Pacific active continental margin in Mesozoic formed the Great Hinggan Mountains volcano-magmatic tectonic belt and formed hydrothermal manganese deposits. On this basis, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of manganese deposits in North China are expounded, the main ore-controlling factors of manganese deposits in North China are analyzed,and the metallogenic models of different types of manganese deposits are summarized, which is of positive significance for improving the theoretical research of manganese deposits mineralization and guiding the exploration practice of manganese deposits in North China.更多还原