【摘要】 以石家庄市的藁城区为例,根据气象资料和主要农作物的生育期特点,分析了农作物的需水规律与自然降水的关系,得出如下结论:(1)实际降水远不能满足冬小麦生育期对水分的需求,实施补充灌溉是藁城区确保冬小麦稳产、高产的重要措施之一;(2)即使实际降水量不能满足夏玉米对水分的需求,但实施补充灌溉所需的降水量远比冬小麦要少;(3)实际降水量一般情况下均能满足油葵对水分的需求,即使个别年份不能满足,但实施补充灌溉所需降水量远比冬小麦要少得多;(4)实际降水量不能满足棉花对水分的需求,实施补充灌溉需要20～120mm,因此,小麦被视为农业用水大户。夏玉米、油葵、棉花、夏谷子生育期,大部分时段正好处于夏季,尤其是夏玉米和油葵,是全年降水量最多的时段,即时实际降水量不能满足其对水分的需求,实施补充灌溉需要较少的水量即可。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking Gaocheng District of Shijiazhuang City as an example, according to the meteorological data and the growth period characteristics of main crops, this paper analyzes the relationship between the water demand law of crops and natural precipitation,and draws the following conclusions:(1)the actual precipitation is far from meeting the water demand during the growth period of winter wheat, and the implementation of supplementary irrigation is one of the important measures to ensure the stable and high yield of Winter Wheat in Gaocheng district;(2) Even if the actual precipitation can not meet the water demand of summer maize, the precipitation required for supplementary irrigation is much less than that of winter wheat;(3) In general,the actual precipitation can meet the water demand of oil sunflower. Even if it can not be met in individual years, the precipitation required for supplementary irrigation is much less than that of winter wheat;(4) The actual precipitation can not meet the water demand of cotton, and the implementation of supplementary irrigation needs 20 ～ 120 mm. Therefore, wheat is regarded as a large agricultural water user. Most of the growth periods of summer corn, oil sunflower, cotton and summer millet are just in summer,especially summer corn and oil sunflower,which have the most precipitation in the whole year. The immediate actual precipitation can not meet their water demand, so less water is needed for supplementary irrigation.更多还原