【摘要】 覆盖混埋耕作主要通过联合整地机对秸秆进行切碎并均匀混入土壤,对降低风蚀水蚀、提高耕层土壤蓄水能力及构建优质种床具有重要作用。为探究覆混耕作中玉米秸秆对土壤水分入渗性能的影响,该研究利用Design Expert软件,根据Box-Behnken试验原理通过室内土柱模拟试验,以覆混耕作中秸秆混埋深度、秸秆混埋量、秸秆长度为影响因素,以渗水量为指标进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验。通过建立响应面数学模型,分析了各因素对土壤水分入渗性能的影响,并对影响因素进行了综合优化。试验结果表明:对渗水量影响主次顺序为秸秆混埋深度、秸秆长度、秸秆混埋量;当秸秆混埋深度为20 cm、秸秆混埋量为80%、秸秆长度为9 cm时,渗水量达到最优值0.249 L。利用优化后的参数进行试验验证,土壤渗水量为0.247 L。研究结果可为覆混耕作中联合整地机的作业参数调整提供参考和土壤水分入渗性能研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Conservation tillage has become a promising farming technology with mechanized operations as the main means. The method of minimum tillage or no tillage planting is widely adopted, where the crop stover and stubble are used to cover on the soil surface, in order to effectively reduce the soil wind erosion and water erosion, while improve the ability of soil to keep moisture and water. As a kind of conservation tillage, mulch tillage is mainly used to chop up the stover by a combined tillage machine and mix it evenly into the soil. As such, the mulch tillage can contribute to soil moisture infiltration, and high-quality seed beds. After the corn harvest in the first autumn, the full amount of stover-covered arable land was operated directly by the combined soil planter with the soft rake. In the second spring, the seed bed making machine was used to prepare the whole field of the seed bed, to build a high-quality seed bed and improve the emergence rate of corn. Most previous research focused on the effect of stover mulching and tillage methods on soil moisture infiltration performance. However, it is of great significance to explore the suitable stover returning and tillage method for soil protection in black soil area. In this study, a Design Expert software and a Box-Behnken test were used to conduct an experimental study on the infiltration performance of stover on soil moisture in black soil area in mulching tillage. In the column experiment, a quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors and three levels, including the depth, the quantity, and the length of mixed stover. The experimental results showed that the significant order of the influence on the amount of water seepage was as follows: the depth of mixed stover, the length of stover, the quantity of mixed stover. A response surface mathematical model was established to analyze the influence of various factors on soil moisture infiltration performance, and thereby to comprehensively optimize the influencing factors. The optimal combination was achieved, where the water seepage reached the maximum, when the depth of mixed stover was 20 cm, the quantity of mixed stover was 80%, and the length of stover was 9 cm. Using the optimized parameters for experiments, the soil water infiltration rate was up to 0.247 L. The findings can provide a sound reference for the adjustment parameters in the combined tillage machine in the mulch tillage, particularly on a theoretical support for black soil protection.更多还原