【摘要】 【目的】研究不同施肥处理对阴山北麓旱作区土壤肥力及马铃薯产量的影响,为阴山北麓旱作区土壤施肥模式的构建提供依据。【方法】在内蒙古呼和浩特市武川旱作试验站,采用定位试验和室内分析相结合的方法,设置了NPK、有机肥、NPK+有机肥和不施肥(CK)处理,分析不同施肥处理下0～40 cm土层土壤物理性状,土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分含量及马铃薯产量和肥料贡献率。【结果】不同施肥处理均能有效地降低土壤容重、增加土壤总孔隙度,其中,有机肥、NPK+有机肥处理对土壤物理性状的改良效果较为显著(P<0.05),土壤容重较CK分别降低了13.25%、10.60%,土壤总孔隙度较CK分别增加了17.55%、15.77%。不同施肥处理对不同土层土壤养分含量的影响各不相同,单施有机肥能显著提高0～10 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量(P<0.05),分别较CK提高了42.96%、38.68%;NPK+有机肥处理能显著提高0～10、10～20 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量,分别较CK提高了70.70%～78.33%和73.53%～82.08%;有机肥、NPK+有机肥处理对土壤速效养分含量影响差异显著(P<0.05),与CK相比,0～10、10～20、20～40 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量提高了45.90%～157.84%、有效磷含量提高了4.80～7.67 mg/kg、速效钾含量提高了59.66～179.66 mg/kg。NPK、有机肥、NPK+有机肥3种施肥处理能显著提高马铃薯产量及商品薯率,NPK+有机肥处理表现最佳,马铃薯产量和商品薯率较CK分别提高了171.64%和50.87个百分点,且肥料贡献率高达63.18%。【结论】在阴山北麓旱作区应该更加注重有机无机肥配合施用,并大力推广有机肥,以实现土壤肥力稳步提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To study the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility and potato yield in the dry farming area at the northern piedmont of Yinshan Mountain,and to provide the basis for the construction of soil fertilization mode in the area.【Methods】In Wuchuan Dry Farming Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia,combining the positioning test and laboratory analysis,NPK,organic fertilizer,NPK +organic fertilizer and no fertilization(CK) treatments were set up to analyze soil physical properties,contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available nutrients,potato yield and fertilizer contribution rate in 0-40 cm soil layer under different fertilization treatments. 【Results】Different fertilization treatments could effectively decrease soil bulk density and increase soil total porosity. Among them,organic fertilizer and NPK +organic fertilizer had significant improvement effect on soil physical properties(P<0.05). The soil bulk density decreased by 13.25%and 10.60% compared with CK,respectively,and the total porosity increased by 17.55% and 15.77% compared with CK,respectively. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrient contents in different soil layers were different.Organic fertilizer application alone could significantly increase soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents in 0-10 cm soil layer(P<0.05),which were 42.96% and 38.68% higher than that of CK,respectively. NPK+organic fertilizer treatment could significantly increase soil organic matter and total nitrogen content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers by 70.70%-78.33%and 73.53%-82.08% compared with CK,respectively. Organic fertilizer and NPK+organic fertilizer had significant difference on soil rapid effect nutrient content(P <0.05). Compared with CK,the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,effective phosphorus and available potassium in 0-10,10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers increased by 45.90%-157.84%,4.80-7.67 mg/kg and 59.66-179.66 mg/kg,respectively. NPK,organic fertilizer and NPK +organic fertilizer could significantly improve potato yield and marketable potato rate,and NPK +organic fertilizer was the best one. Potato yield and marketable potato rate increased by 171.64% and 50.87 percentage points respectively,and fertilizer contribution rate was 63.18%. 【Conclusion】In order to improve soil fertility steadily,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers,and the organic fertilizer needed to be promoted in the dry farming area at the northern piedmont of Yinshan Mountain.更多还原