【摘要】 揭示新中国成立后,单位大院呈现出的一系列标准化与非标准化特征,并深入剖析其形态价值与产生背景。以中国科学院中关村北区宿舍为例证,探究其不同建设阶段的形态与背后的成因,发现其在建国初期经济水平与集体意识的影响下,呈现出共性化的标准化特征;随着国情的发展,又逐渐演化出个性化的非标准化特征。可以看出标准化与非标准化特征一方面影响着单位大院形态的形成与演变,另一方面也是新中国成立至今城市局部发展变迁的载体,从这两个特点的形成背景、空间特征方面进行剖析,可以揭示其具体成因与时代意义,并透视新中国城市局部层面的演化历程。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper aims to reveal a series of standardised and non-standardised characteristics in the unit compound’s construction and development and deeply analyse its morphological value and background. The Chinese Academy of Sciences dormitories in the North District of Zhongguancun is taken as an example to explore the specific spatial patterns of its different construction levels and the formation reasons behind them. An indepth analysis of the spatial principles of the dormitories in the North District under different historical backgrounds and national conditions was conducted. It was found that the influences of standardisation and non-standardisation characteristics of the office compounds are mainly reflected in the single building design and overall spatial planning aspects.In analysing the single building design aspect, it can be seenthat it was limited by the national station in the early days of new China. The function-oriented policy was adopted by the residential building design, displaying the standardised feature of a tubeshaped building. On this basis, the designer blended the nonstandard features in the construction details and tried to translate the traditional architectural symbols under the premise of industrialisation construction. At the overall spatial planning level, standardisation characteristics were mainly reflected in the initial planning paradigm. The adoption of the neighbourhood planning advice from Soviet experts was conducive to the efficient construction of the city and followed the spatial experience of traditional Chinese cities. In the later stage, the resource struggle and facility construction based on collective interests in the compounds gradually evolved into a functional place that fits the residents’ essential life expectations concerning spatial morphology, reflecting the non-standardised features mentioned above. Further, this paper also shows how a series of real space paradigms were formed in the evolution of standardisation to nonstandardisation from the initial construction to the later autonomous transformation of the northern dormitory. These spatial forms truly recorded the change and evolution of the basic urban organisation unit in the early days of the people’s Republic of China through examples. They are important spatial carriers for understanding the evolution and development of new China’s urban micro level. At the same time, it can also reflect the local trend of urban changes in the same period from the standardised and non-standardised characteristics of the unit compound. It also provides a richer perspective for studying the development mode and specific causes behind the city after founding the people’s Republic of China.更多还原