【摘要】 甘丙肽(GAL)及其受体(GalRs)广泛分布于中枢神经系统,参与多种生理功能调节。下丘脑前部腹外侧视前核(VLPO) 80%神经元含GAL并与γ-氨基丁酸共存,发出下行投射至多个觉醒核团,抑制结节乳头体核、中缝背核和蓝斑核神经元活动而促进睡眠。本研究回顾GAL-GalRs系统在中枢神经系统的发现,聚焦多项利用神经示踪、神经药理学、分子生物学、化学遗传和光遗传学等方法研究进展,证明VLPO GAL能神经元调控生理条件下慢波睡眠的产生和维持以及参与阿尔茨海默症、焦虑、抑郁、癫痫和成瘾等疾病及伴随睡眠障碍的机制,总结性地提出尚未清晰的问题和研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Galanin(GAL) and its receptors(GalRs) exist widely in the central nervous system, and regulate multiple physiological functions. Approximately 80% of the neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO) of anterior hypothalamus contain gamma-aminobutyric acid and GAL. These neurons project themselves to the major nuclei that promote wakefulness and then inhibit the neuronal activation of the tuberomammillary nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus to produce sleep. The present short review expounded the historic and recent data about the discovery of GAL and GalRs, emphasizing the latest research using techniques such as neural circuit tracing, neuropharmacology, molecular biology, chemogenetic and optogenetic ways, to confirm that galaninergic neurons of VLPO help initiate and maintain slow-wave sleep. Moreover,several evidences also showed that GAL was involved in the pathological mechanism of sleep disturbance in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression, epilepsy and addiction. We summarized the issues that are not yet clear and indicated the direction in future studies.更多还原