【摘要】 为进一步明确油气建设项目碳排放核算方法并采取有效减排措施，以俄罗斯AGPP天然气处理厂建设项目土建专业为例，研究了工程项目施工过程碳排放的影响因素。结果表明：项目土建碳排放的主要来源为工程材料和施工材料，合计占80.63%,工程材料的碳排放又以钢结构和钢筋为主；建材运输过程的碳排放占2.43%,施工过程人力与机具的碳排放占18.57%;施工过程碳排放主要来源是施工机具。提出了为降低土建施工阶段的碳排放，需要在项目设计、采购、施工全过程采取有效手段优化减排；在项目设计阶段进行选材优化，在满足工程要求的前提下尽量选用当地资源丰富且碳排放量相对较低的材料；采购阶段应充分调研搜集当地各种材料市场信息，尽量缩短运输距离，并根据材料温度、湿度等要求统筹考虑集中采购和运输，以便于采用碳排放量相对较低的运输方式；施工之前应对营地位置和当地水电等施工资源充分调研、对污水处理和排污系统等合理规划；施工过程通过管理创新和技术创新进一步提高人员工作效率以及机具和材料的利用率，合理安排施工计划和工序，提高产品合格率，进一步降低施工过程中的碳排放总量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to analyze the carbon emission during oil and gas construction and the corresponding solutions, the factors of carbon emission on civil work of AGPP gas plant project in Russia was studied. The results showed that: 80.63% carbon emission in this project was from the civil materials including the temporary construction material, and the main resource of civil materials was steel structures and rebars. 2.43% CO₂ was released during material transportation. The remained 18.57% CO₂ was produced by manpower and machinery during construction. The latter was much more than the former. To reduce the CO₂ emission, optimization and control shall be performed in the whole EPC processes. Materials selection shall be optimized during design. Low carbon emission material which is accepted for its property requirement and is abundant nearby project areas should be utilized. For procurement, sufficient market investigation shall be performed to collect the material information including the supplier location and to reduce the transportation distance. Lowcarbon emission transportation shall be selected based on overall planning and arrangement of bulk materials considering the transportation requirements such as temperature, humidity, etc. Before construction commence investigation and configuration of camp location, power supply, water supply, water treatment and sewage system shall be confirmed. In the construction process, through management innovation and technological innovation, the work efficiency of personnel and the utilization rate of machinery and materials will be further improved. Construction plans and procedures should be rationally arranged; the product qualification rate will be improved, and the total carbon emissions during the construction process will be further reduced.更多还原