【摘要】 体外受精(In Vitro Fertilization,IVF)等复杂技术的发展需要多年的试验,有时需要比较几个物种,以了解如何为卵母细胞、精子和早期胚胎创造合适的体外环境。配子生理机能和配子交互作用等物种特征是最近才进化出来的性状,必须在各自物种的背景下加以分析。世界首例试管婴儿Louise Brown出生后的近40年里,IVF技术取得了很大进步,目前已在世界各地多种家养和非家养动物物种中得到应用。但这并不意味着该技术完全成熟或令人满意,还有许多问题需要解决,还有若干程序需要优化。自从IVF技术允许商业化开发以后,奶牛IVF的发展尤其引人关注,其使用规模堪比人类的体外受精(数百万新生儿)。犊牛甚至是胚胎的基因组选择与性别鉴定和冷冻技术相结合,正推动奶牛IVF进入一个新时代。本文回顾了过去40年奶牛IVF取得的成绩和存在的困难,并提出了未来几年所面临的挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of complex technologies such as in vitro fertilization(IVF) needs many years of experiments,sometimes it is necessary to compare several species,to understand how to create a suitable in vitro environment for oocytes,sperm and early embryos.The physiological function of gametes and gamete interaction are recently evolved traits,which must be analyzed in the context of each species.In the past 40 years after Louis Brown was born,IVF technology has made great progress and has been applied in a variety of domestic and non domestic animal species all over the world. However,this does not mean that the technology is completely mature or satisfactory.There are still many problems to be solved and some programs to be optimized.Since IVF technology was allowed to be commercialized,the development of cow IVF has attracted special attention.Its scale of use is comparable to that of human IVF(millions of newborns).The combination of genomic selection,sex identification and cryopreservation of calves and even embryos is pushing IVF into a new era.This paper reviews the success and shortcomings of IVF in cattle in the past 40 years, and describes the challenges to be overcome in the next few years.更多还原