【摘要】 专利申请量常被用作衡量大学创新的工具,但大学教师专利申请动机存在多元化现象,简单使用专利申请量来衡量大学的创新活动存在着一定的不合理性。在梳理相关文献的基础上,将大学教师专利申请动机区分为基于创新成果保护的动机、基于个人能力显示的动机、基于组织管理评价的动机3类,利用国内13所高校教师的问卷调查数据,采用有序Probit模型分析影响大学教师不同专利申请动机的因素,并通过负二项回归模型探讨不同的专利申请动机与有效专利数量间的关系。结果表明,确实存在不同的因素影响大学教师的专利申请动机,其中基于创新成果保护动机是最传统的专利申请动机,有利于促使教师申请的专利转化为有效专利;基于显示个人能力动机的专利申请被认为主要是向外界投资者发出信号,但仍能对有效专利转化产生积极促进作用;而基于组织管理评价动机则是一种策略性行为,对于创新的贡献较小,也不利于促使申请的专利转化为有效专利。由此提出高校制定专利激励制度时应注重专利技术市场发展规律,鼓励基于创新的专利申请动机和行为,同时引入第三方专业机构对教师所申请专利的创新贡献程度进行评价,并为高价值专利提供相应后续服务,以有效地促进教师的创新活动。更多还原

【Abstract】 The number of patent applications is often used as a tool to measure university innovation, however, the motivations of university teachers to apply patents are diversified, it is unreasonable to simply use the number of patent applications to measure university innovation activities. On the basis of combing the relevant literature, this paper divides the patent application motivation of university teachers into three categories: motivation based on protection of innovation achievements, motivation based on personal ability display, and motivation based on organizational management evaluation. Using questionnaire survey data of 13 domestic college teachers, the paper analyzes the factors affecting the patent application motivation of university teachers by ordered Probit model, and uses a negative binomial regression model to explore the relationship between different patent application motivations and the number of effective patents. The results show that there are indeed different factors affecting the patent application of university teachers. Among them, the motivation for protecting innovation achievements is the most traditional motivation, which is conducive to promoting the transformation of the patents applied for by teachers into valid patents; patent applications based on showing individual competency motivation are considered as a signal to outside investors, but it can still positively promote effective patent conversion; while the motivation based on organizational management evaluation is a strategic behavior, which has a small contribution to the innovation and is not conducive to promoting the conversion of patent applications. Therefore, the paper proposes that universities should pay attention to the development law of patent technology market when formulating the patent incentive system, encourage motivations and behaviors for innovation-based patent applications, at the same time, introduce third-party professional institutions to evaluate the degree of innovation contribution of the patents applied by teachers, and provide corresponding follow-up services for high-value patents, in order to effectively promote the innovative activities of teachers.更多还原