【摘要】 【目的】通过研究不同高压静电场对苦瓜生理指标、田间害虫和天敌种群数量的影响,为国家电网对输变电工程电磁辐射的预防及管理提供实践指导。【方法】在田间试验中,苦瓜持续曝露在强度为0、2和10kV/m的极低频电磁场下,测定其农艺性状和酶的活性变化,并调查苦瓜田间害虫和天敌的种群数量。【结果】在10 kV/m电磁场处理下,苦瓜总功能叶片数在6月份(6月10日、6月20日)显著低于2 kV/m处理的(P<0.05)。酶活力测定结果表明,电磁场曝露对苦瓜苗期保护酶活力无影响。2 kV/m处理下苦瓜花期叶片POD活力显著高于0 kV/m和10 kV/m处理(P<0.05)。10 kV/m电磁场处理下苦瓜结实期叶片POD和SOD活力显著高于2 kV/m处理(P<0.05)。害虫和天敌种群调查结果表明,10 kV/m处理下,苦瓜害虫的数量(黄守瓜Aulacophora indica (Gmelin)、中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev、瓜绢螟Diaphaniaindica和红蜘蛛Tetranychuscinnbarinus)显著高于2kV/m处理和0kV/m处理下的(P<0.05)。10 kV/m电磁场处理下,苦瓜田间天敌种群数量(中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder和大腹园蛛Araneus ventricosus (L. Koch))显著高于0 kV/m和2 kV/m处理组的(P<0.05)。【结论】高强度10 kV/m电磁场可对苦瓜的总功能叶数和光合作用有一定的抑制作用。短期电磁场曝露对苦瓜苗期保护酶活力无显著影响,但随着苦瓜在电磁场曝露时间的延长,苦瓜植株可通过增加保护酶(POD和SOD)活力提高对电磁场辐射的防御反应,10 kV/m电磁场强度对苦瓜田间主要害虫和天敌种群数量有显著的促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives] To study the effect of high-voltage electrostatic fields on the physiology and metabolism, and the diversity and number of pests and their natural enemies, on balsam pear crops, in order to provide practical guidance for understanding the effects of electromagnetic radiation from the State Grid. [Methods] In the field experiment, balsam pear plants were continuously exposed to three kinds of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields(0, 2, 10 kV/m), and their growth and enzyme activity in their leaves measured. Populations of pests and their natural enemies under the three UHV electric fields were also measured and compared. [Results] Plants in the 10 kV/m electric field treatment had significantly fewer functional blades than those in the 2 kV/m treatment in June(June 10, June 20)(P<0.05). Electromagnetic field intensity had no effect on protective enzyme activity during the seedling period. However, plants in the 2 kV/m electric field treatment had significantly higher POD activity than those in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m treatments during the flowering period(P<0.05). Moreover, SOD and POD activity increased significantly in the 10 kV/m treatment compared to the 2 kV/m treatment during the fruiting period(P<0.05). Significantly more of the pest species Aulacophora indica, Adelphocoris suturalis, Diaphania indica and Tetranychus cinnbarinus were found on plants in the 10 kV/m treatment than on those in the 0 kV/m, 2 kV/m treatments(P<0.05). Significantly more Chrysoperla sinica and Araneus ventricosus, natural enemies of the above pests, were found in 10 kV/m treatment than in the 0 kV/m, 2 kV/m treatments(P<0.05). [Conclusion] Balsam pear plants in the 2 kV/m treatment group grew significantly better than those in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m treatments, and the 10 kV/m UHV treatment significantly increased SOD and POD enzyme activity during the fruiting stage. The high-voltage 10 kV/m treatment inhibited the total number of functional leaves and photosynthesis. Short-term electromagnetic field exposure had no significant effect on protective enzyme activity during the seedling period. Protective enzyme(POD and SOD) activity increased with duration of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Exposure to a high-voltage electrostatic field of 10 kV/m increased the abundance of both pests and their natural enemies.更多还原