【摘要】 "公民同招"政策的出台,再次引发了公、民办学校办学效益的争论。借助PISA 2018中国四省市样本数据,研究使用多层线性模型(HLM)和倾向得分匹配估计(PSM),探究民办学校是通过生源"筛选"机制还是学业"培优"手段获得学生成绩的相对优势。研究发现,民办学校学生的学业成绩显著优于公办学校,但在控制了民办学校的生源背景、学生元认知能力和学习时长后,民办学校的学生成绩没有显著优势,说明民办学校很大程度是依靠生源"筛选"机制取得学生学业成绩的相对优势,这一结论也佐证了"公民同招"政策出台的科学性。然而,实证结论也并不拒绝民办学校对学生学业"培优"的效果。因此,建议政府在规范民办学校发展的同时,督促公办学校"提质增效";进一步制定引导性政策,助力民办学校实现内生性改革,以办学质量博得家长的青睐;打通学校办学水平与家长感知的信息渠道,引导家长对子女教育做出理性选择与合理规划。更多还原

【Abstract】 The introduction of the"public schools and private schools recruiting students synchronously"policy has triggered debates about the benefits of running schools by citizens.Based on the PISA 2018 sample of four provinces and cities in China,this study uses HLM and PSM models to explore whether private schools obtain the relative advantage of student achievement through the"screening"mechanism of student sources or the means of"cultivating excellence"in academic work.The study found that the academic performance of students in private schools was significantly better than that of public schools.The background and weekly study time of private schools were significantly higher than those of public schools.There was no significant gap in the proportion of teachers with master’s degree and the teacher shortage index among private schools.After controlling for the background of students,the metacognitive ability of students,and the length of study time of private schools,there is no significant advantage in student performance of private schools,which shows that private schools largely rely on high-quality students to obtain the relative advantage of students’ academic performance.This conclusion also proves the scientific nature of the policy of"public schools and private schools recruiting students synchronously".At the same time,the empirical conclusion does not reject the effect of private schools on students’ academic"cultivation".Therefore,it is recommended that the government,while regulating the development of private schools for compulsory education,supervise public schools to"improve quality and efficiency";further formulate guiding policies to help private schools achieve endogenous reforms,and win the favor of parents with school quality;get through the school running level and the information channels perceived by parents and guide parents to make rational choices and reasonable plans for their children’s education.更多还原