【摘要】 【目的】为明确湖南省猕猴桃果实农药残留及风险情况,方便日后系统性进行农药监测、监管。【方法】2019年,从湖南省25个县市43个猕猴桃果园采集63份样品,利用高效液相色谱-质谱法和高效气相色谱-质谱法对处理后的果实样品进行农药残留量测定,结合《GB 2763-2019食品中农药最大残留限量》进行分析和比较猕猴桃不同品种农药残留差异;用每日允许摄入量和急性参考剂量进行慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估;并借鉴英国兽药残留风险排序矩阵进行农药和样品排序。【结果】本次检出农残的样品数为43个,占样品总数的68.25%。共检测了70种农药,其中检出农药21种,农药品种检出率为30%。21种农药中多菌灵、吡唑醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵、吡虫啉的检出率分别为占28.57%、20.63%、14.29%、11.11%,其余17种的农药品种检出率都低于10%。湖南地区未发现禁限用农药和有机磷类农药,杀菌剂中多菌灵的检测结果临近最大农药残留限量值。在猕猴桃不同品种中,‘红阳’的农药残留检出率73.33%、农药种类12种,明显高于‘米良1号’农药残留检出率64.71%、农药种类6种。检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)和急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)平均值分别为0.037 6%、1.638%,远小于100%,不会对人体产生风险。在检出的21种农药中,阿维菌素的风险得分为20.15,属于高风险农药,其余20种农药的风险得分在15以下,均属于中、低风险农药。98.41%的样品风险指数低于15,处于中、低或极低风险区域。【结论】湖南地区的猕猴桃质量安全状况良好,但在猕猴桃栽培和质量安全监管过程中需要重视高风险农药的使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]Kiwifruit is deeply loved by people,due to its rich nutrition and vitamin C. Hunan Province is one of the provinces in China which cultivated kiwifruit artificially the earliest.Up to 2020,the culti-vation area in the provice is about 300,000 mu.The increase of planting area will inevitably lead to the exten-sive use of pesticides.At the same time,it will increase the risk of pesticide residues.This study was to quantify the pesticide residues and the risk to kiwifruit in Hunan Province,which is beneficial for systematic pesticide monitoring and supervision in the future.[Method]In 2019,63 samples were collected from 43 kiwi fruit or-chards in 25 counties and cities in Hunan Province.The high performance liquid chromatography-mass spec-trometry(HPLC-MS)and high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPGC-MS)were used to determine the pesticide residues in the treated fruit samples.In combination with"GB 2763—2019 Maximum Pesticide residues in Food",the differences in pesticide residues in different kiwifruit varieties were analyzed and compared.The acceptable daily intake and acute reference dose were employed for risk assessment of chron-ic dietary intake and acute dietary intake risk assessment.And the Matrix Ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to for the ranking of pesticides and samples.[Result]The results showed that the number of the samples of pesticide residues detected was 43,accounting for 68.25%of the total number of the samples.21 pesticide residues of the 70 pesticide residues were detectable in fresh ki-wifruit.The detectable rate of pesticide kinds was 30%.In the detected 21 pesticides,the pesticide detectability rates of carbendazim,carbamic acid,thiophanate-methyl,imidacloprid were 28.57%,20.63%,14.29% and11.11%,respectively.The pesticide detectability rates of other 17 pesticides were less than 10%.Forbidden pes-ticides and organophosphorus pesticides were not detected.Organochlorine,pyrethroid and nicotinyl did not ex-ceed the limit of the State standards.But the detection result of carbendazim in fungicides was near the maxi-mum limit.Among the different varieties of kiwifruit,the detection rate of pesticide residues in‘Hongyang’was73.33%,and 12 pesticides were detected,which was significantly higher than that in‘Miliang 1’(64.71%),and 6 pesticides.Their%ADI and%ARfD averages were 0.0376% and 1.638%,respectively,far below 100%,in-dicating that there was very little risk to human health.For the detected 21 pesticides,the risk score of abamectin was 20.15,belonging to high-risk pesticides,while the risk score of the other 20 pesticides was below 15,belong-ing to medium and low risk pesticides.98.41% of the samples had a risk index below 15,which were in the mid-dle,low or very low risk zones.[Conclusion]The kiwifruit in Hunan Province was relatively safe.But high pesti-cide residue risk should be focused on in its production and in the process of quality and safety supervision.更多还原