【摘要】 为缓解关中地区水资源短缺与小麦生产高耗水的特征性矛盾,通过田间试验,设置垄沟覆膜还田(FMSR)、垄沟不覆膜还田(FNSR)、垄沟覆膜不还田(FMSN)、垄沟不覆膜不还田(CK) 4种不同种植模式,分析了不同处理对小麦土壤养分及水肥利用效率的变化影响。结果表明,较于对照处理,覆膜秸秆还田各指标均显著提高(p<0.05),其中土壤含水率提升了2.73%～29.01%,土壤养分提升了38.41%～40.23%,作物茎干物质量提高了30.6%,水分利用效率提高了24.49%,氮肥偏生产力显著(p<0.05)增加了21.7%。综合土壤养分和水肥利用效率考虑,秸秆还田垄沟覆膜种植方式能够有效促进冬小麦的生长,综合考虑节水、增产的目的,在关中地区推荐垄沟覆膜秸秆还田种植模式为较优的种植模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to alleviate the contradiction between water shortage and high water consumption of wheat in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province,in this study,a two-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of straw returning and mulching on soil nutrients and water-fertilizer use efficiency of wheat. Four different planting modes were set up,including ridge and furrow mulching with straw returning(FMSR),ridge and furrow no mulching with straw returning(FNSR),ridge and furrow mulching without straw returning(FMSN),and ridge and furrow no mulching without straw returning as a control( CK). The results showed that compared with CK,soil water content,soil nutrients,stem dry biomass of wheat,water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen for FMSR were increased by 2.73%～29.01%,38.41%～40.23%,30.6%,24.49% and 21.7%,respectively. Therefore,straw returning and mulching could effectively promote wheat growth and increase yield under ridge and furrow planting pattern. Considering water saving and yield increasing,irrigation of 1 800 m~3/hm~2 and nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/hm~2 are recommended for wheat planting under the ridge and furrow mulching with straw returning.更多还原