【摘要】 大卫·刘易斯是20世纪后半期英美哲学界最为重要的哲学家之一。其成名作《惯例》对当代经济学界影响深远,是博弈论制度分析的哲学基础。可惜的是,目前国内学界,特别是经济学界,对于刘易斯的思想及其惯例理论并不是非常熟悉。笔者在这篇文章中,主要概述了刘易斯的学术影响,以及他的惯例理论的基本脉络框架,并根据刘易斯的惯例理论,反思当下经济学制度分析理论的发展。笔者认为,在目前的制度研究中,应当重视四个基础性问题:一是有关制度的"模糊性"问题;二是关于语言和制度互动机制的研究;三是有关"现实中为何无效率的制度能够得以长期持存"这一问题的探讨;四是有关如何进行制度评价的问题。本文的结论是:经济学制度分析,最终应当回归到个人行动的层面上来,这是经济学分析工具能够得以应用的领域,也是科斯当年所提倡的真实世界的经济分析之本意。更多还原

【Abstract】 David Lewis is one of the most important British and American philosophers in the latter half of the 20 th century.His one of most famous books,Convention(1969),has a far-reaching impact on contemporary economics.And it is the philosophical foundation of game-theoretic approaches to institutions.At present,the domestic academic circles are not very familiar with the thoughts of David Lewis and the theory of conventions.In this article,the author introduces Lewis’ s works and discusses the basic framework of Lewisian conventions.According to David Lewis’ s theory,the author reflects on the development of the institutional analysis in economics.After a survey of Lewis’ s theory,this article discusses four themes in contemporary institutional analysis in economics:(1) the ambiguity in the evolutionary process of the institutions;(2) the interaction between languages and institutions;(3) the persistence of inefficient institutions in the real world;(4) the evaluation of the institutions.The conclusion of this article is that the institutional analysis in economics should be based on the regularity in the personal behaviour,and this is also how the economic analysis can be applied into the research of the real world,which is the original intentions of the institutional analysis advocate by Ronald H.Coase.更多还原