【摘要】 需求引致创新这一理论虽然得到普遍认可,但鲜有微观实证考察市场需求与企业创新的因果关系。中国20世纪90年代的社会体制变革和市场经济改革等制度冲击促使中国经济快速发展,人均收入提高和贫富分化,从而导致消费需求的结构性升级,这一发展契机为需求引致创新理论的实证检验提供了绝佳的自然实验。本文通过中国城镇居民收支调查数据构造家电消费的市场规模变量,与中国工业企业数据库的相关行业进行匹配,检验了1996—2009年中国家电行业市场规模对企业创新的影响。实证结果表明,家电市场规模的扩大显著促进了企业创新投入和创新产出的提高。企业创新与产业发展程度密切相关,处于产业萌芽成长期的企业创新对市场规模的反应非常敏锐,而处于产业停滞衰退期的企业市场规模带来的收益反而削弱了其创新动力。市场需求对企业创新的影响存在滞后性和超前性,过去的市场需求有利于提升当期的创新投入,而未来可预见的市场需求既有效促进了创新投入的提高,也提升了企业的创新产出。本文的研究为需求引致创新理论提供了实证检验,挖掘了其微观影响机制,为总需求管理中的创新支持政策制定提供了事实依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although the theory of Demand-induced Innovation has been widely accepted, there is little empirical research on the causality between consumer demand and enterprise innovation.A series of exogenous institutional shocks such as China’s social system reforms and market economic reforms in the 1990 s prompted China’s rapid economic development, the increase in per capita income and the differentiation between rich and poor, which led to a structural upgrade of consumer demand.This process of development provides an excellent natural experiment for empirical testing of demand-induced innovation theory.This paper use Chinese Urban Household Income and Expenditure Survey to construct the market size of household appliance, and matched the market size with relevant sectors from China Annual Survey of Industrial Firms, then establish a causal relation between changes in household appliance market size and innovation activities of corresponding enterprises from 1996 to 2009.According to the empirical results, China’s home appliance industry’s market size contributes significantly to corporate innovation.Furthermore, the level of industrial development is closely related to corporate innovation.As a company grows and expands, corporate innovation is highly dependent on market size, proving that continuous innovation is the basis of a competitive market, while as a company satiates and contracts, market size’s gains eroding motivation to innovate.Finally, the degree of monopoly has a significant impact on corporate innovation.In an industry in a competitive market phase, the higher the degree of market monopoly, the less conducive to innovation.Conversely, when an industry is in a relatively fixed period of market saturation, the concentration of resources due to monopoly is conducive to innovation.Through the mechanism discussion, this paper also finds that market demand has both lagging and forward-looking effects on enterprise innovation in its discussion of mechanisms.Market demand in the past significantly enhances the innovation input in the current period, while the foreseeable market demand in the future effectively promotes both an increase in innovation input and a prompting of new product development, which results in increased innovation output.Additionally, state-owned enterprises play an important role in innovation in China’s home appliance industry given the industry’s development background, and the government’s industrial support policy and the market’s “invisible hand” complement one another.Finally, foreign demand also affects the development of domestic appliance companies to a certain extent.This paper is one of the few empirical studies on “demand-induced innovation” using micro data.In China and abroad, there are few similar studies, and it is a breakthrough academic contribution to verify the role of demand in guiding innovation from the perspective of a large country like China.Second, this study aims to assess the effect mechanism of “demand-induced innovation” in terms of the industrial development stage, market concentration, governmental role, and external demand shocks, and derives a thorough conclusion on the microscopic impact mechanism using rigorous and reliable basic evidence.Additionally, this paper provides some empirical evidence for China’s innovation support policy, which can be used as a solid basis for practice.更多还原