【摘要】 技术创新对各国的核心竞争力的提升至关重要。一个国家的技术创新产出会受到其文化特征的影响,现有相关研究大多集中于讨论文化价值观对技术创新产出的影响,较少涉及反映外部社会规范强度的文化严格程度。本文基于多层次适应性理论,将反映外部社会规范约束的文化严格程度与决定内部心理特征的文化价值观相结合,构建了国家文化影响技术创新的理论模型,探讨了文化严格程度及其与不同维度的文化价值观的交互作用对技术创新产出的影响。通过采用2005—2017年47个国家的专利授权数据进行实证分析,结果表明:文化严格程度对技术创新产出有显著的负向影响,个人主义在这一关系中起到调节作用;不确定性规避和放纵两个维度的文化价值观与文化严格程度对技术创新产出的影响分别为互补效应和替代效应;权力距离与文化严格程度的交互效应不显著。本文揭示了文化严格程度和文化价值观对技术创新产出的作用机制,丰富了文化管理和技术创新领域的相关研究,并为我国制定技术创新战略提供了理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Technological innovation is crucial for countries to improve the core competitiveness and to control epidemic and recover economy under the global spread of COVID-19.The technological innovation output of a country not only depends on its economic development, R&D investment, infrastructure construction and opening up, but also is affected by its cultural characteristics.Most of the existing studies focus on the effect of cultural values on technological innovation, but rarely involve cultural tightness which reflecting the strength of external social norms.In fact, innovation behavior and practice are influenced by cultural values from internal mentality and restrained by social norms from external environment meanwhile, and there may be interaction between cultural values and social norms.However, the research on the relationship between cultural tightness and technological innovation output is mainly theoretical elaboration and national comparative analysis, and the conclusions have not been clear and consistent.At present, there is no research on the interaction effect of cultural tightness and cultural values on technological innovation output as well.For this purpose, based on the multilevel fit theory, the theoretical model of national culture influence on technological innovation is established by combining cultural tightness with cultural values.The influence of cultural tightness on technological innovation output is discussed from three aspects that are technological innovation willingness, cognitive flexibility and openness to innovation.Furtherly, the interactive effects of cultural tightness and each cultural values dimension, on technological innovation output are analyzed.By using the patent grant data of 47 countries from 2005 to 2017 in USPTO,the empirical analysis shows that cultural tightness has a significant negative impact on technological innovation output, and individualism plays a moderating role in this relationship.Besides, the effect of the interaction between uncertainty avoidance and cultural tightness on technological innovation output is complementary effect, while the interaction effect between indulgence and cultural tightness is substitution effect, but there is no significant interaction effect between power distance and cultural tightness.The research reveals the influence mechanism of cultural tightness and cultural values on technological innovation output and enriches the relevant research on cultural management and technological innovation.The results also provide theoretical reference for our country to formulate technological innovation strategies.As a country with tight culture, our country should establish looser innovation evaluation system in accordance with innovation law, promote social norms conducive to technological innovation and spread the culture centered on innovation.By using the advantages of higher social common cognition and similarity among the innovation subjects, the measures to promote the internal cooperation, such as establishing cooperative platform and promoting innovative talents exchange can also obtain more innovation achievements.The cultural values of our country are collectivism, low uncertainty and indulgence, so we should continue to practice and develop the culture of collectivism and indulgence, and gradually transform from low uncertainty avoidance culture to high uncertainty avoidance culture.In addition, the countries with collectivism, high uncertainty avoidance and indulgence culture which adapted to tight culture should be the priority to introduce innovative talents and conduct transnational cooperation.更多还原