【摘要】 南极冰盖表面冰面湖的形成和变化是衡量南极冰盖表面融化的重要指示器,对研究全球气候系统具有重要意义。本文利用Landsat和Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)光学数据,对2000—2017年间的东南极极记录冰川地区的冰面湖进行长时序的变化监测,分析其面积、深度和体积的年际和季节变化规律,并结合中山站温度数据和AdvancedLandObservingSatelliteDigitalElevation Model (ALOS DEM)探讨冰面湖与气温、高程和地形之间的关系。结果表明,极记录冰川地区的冰面湖在每年12月前形成,12月进入快速增长阶段,其面积、深度和体积在次年1月中下旬均达到峰值;冰面湖的面积、深度和体积的变化都呈现较好的一致性,且冰面湖的变化与正积温密切相关; 92%的冰面湖分布在高程低于200 m的区域,易形成于多条水流路径汇集处或水流路径密集处。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation and changes of supraglacial lakes are important indicators of the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet, and hence are of great importance to the global climate system. In this study, we monitored the evolution of the supraglacial lakes on the Polar Record Glacier(PRG) in East Antarctica between 2000 and 2017 using Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) images. The interannual and seasonal variations of lake area, depth and volume were examined. In addition, the relationships between supraglacial lakes, and air temperature, elevation and topography were analyzed using temperature data from Zhongshan Station and Advanced Land Observing Satellite Digital Elevation Model(ALOS DEM). The results show that each year, the supraglacial lakes on the PRG appeared prior to December, and entered the rapid growth stage in December. Lake area, depth, and volume peaked in middle and late January of the following year. Lake area, depth, and volume were consistent, and their changes were closely related to positive degree days. Ninety two percent of the lakes are in the region below an elevation of 200 m. In this region, supraglacial lakes form easily where ice flow lines converge or are in high density.更多还原