【摘要】 淀粉是一大类来源丰富、可再生、可完全生物降解及价格低廉的天然高分子,广泛应用于食品、降解塑料、包装和医药等领域。然而,淀粉内部的结晶和半晶结构使其熔融温度大于分解温度,因而不能热塑加工,这一问题严重制约了其在各领域的应用与发展。因此,研究制备热塑性淀粉过程中所涉及的化学与物理机制及具体方法是影响和拓宽其应用的关键科学问题之一。本文以此为出发点,系统总结了近年来国内外该领域的相关研究工作和进展,将制备热塑性淀粉过程中的化学与物理机制归纳为8种(氢键、化学键、压力、剪切力、导热、微波、热空气和γ射线),并以实践中的8种方法(熔融法、溶液法、模压法、球磨法、喷雾干燥、高静压、化学改性和高能辐射)为主线,以不同形成机制和方法之间的相互关系为重点,系统介绍了该领域的研究进展,以期为热塑性淀粉的深入应用与发展提供一定的理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Starch, as a natural polymer, its attractiveness stems from the annual renewability, low cost and biodegradability in the areas of food, degradable plastics and packaging materials etc. However, the natural starch cannot be directly used in plastics application due to the strong intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, resulted in the lower thermal decomposition temperature than its melting point. It must be plasticized with low molecular weight compounds such as polyols to form thermoplastic starch(TPS) for processing on conventional processing equipment. Therefore, studying the mechanisms and methods in the processing of TPS is the key point to expand its application. Herein, based on the recent works reported, and considering different physical and chemical nature in mechanism, we summarized as 8 factors(hydrogen bond, chemical bond, stress, shear force, thermal conductivity, microwave, hot-air, γ-ray) in TPS formation, and discussed 8 preparation methods(melting, solution, compression molding, ball milling, spray drying, high hydrostatic pressure, chemical modification, high-energy radiation) of TPS, emphasizing on their relationship. This review is expected to be helpful in studying and developing various TPS products in future.更多还原