【摘要】 于2019年8月对中国北京和日本东京城市道路积尘进行了调查。采用磁性分离和电感耦合等离子质谱法对2个城市道路积尘磁性颗粒物中28种金属元素的含量进行了分析,并比较了污染特征和健康风险。结果表明,东京和北京道路积尘中铁（Fe）元素平均含量分别为25.3和21.2 mg/g,磁性颗粒物占积尘比例分别为22.4%和13.0%。东京道路积尘磁性颗粒物受人类活动排放影响较北京显著,其中锌（Zn）和银（Ag）元素含量是北京的7.2和5.6倍。北京道路积尘磁性颗粒物中元素富集率远高于东京,以铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）等金属元素最为明显。东京和北京道路积尘磁性颗粒物的非致癌风险和致癌风险均低于安全阈值,但致癌风险分别达到6.9×10^-7和6.3×10^-7,接近10^-6的可接受水平,应引起相关部门的关注。手口摄入是非致癌金属元素日平均暴露的首要途径,皮肤接触途径的非致癌物健康风险最高,Cr是导致道路积尘磁性颗粒物健康风险的首要元素。更多还原

【Abstract】 In August 2019,the road dust from Beijing and Tokyo was investigated. The concentrations of 28 metal elements in road dust and it ’s magnetic particles from two cities were analyzed by magnetic separation and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS）. A comparison of pollution characteristics and health risks of metal elements were also investigated. The results showed that the concentration of Fe in road dust were 25. 3 and 21. 2 mg/g,with the magnetic particle ratio 22. 4% and13. 0% for Tokyo and Beijing,respectively. The influence of human activities on the magnetic particles of road dust in Tokyo was more significant than that in Beijing,with Zn and Ag were 7. 2 and 5. 6 times higher. The enrichment rate of Cr,Ni,and other elements in the magnetic particles of road dust in Beijing is much higher than that in Tokyo. In Tokyo and Beijing,the noncarcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of magnetic particles were lower than the threshold limit values in road dust,but the carcinogenic risk reached 6. 9 × 10^-7 and 6. 3 × 10^-7,respectively,which was very close to the acceptable level of 10^-6,and should arouse the attention of relevant departments. Hand-mouth ingestion was the main exposure pathway,but the skin contact has the highest noncarcinogenic risk value. Results of health risk assessment showed that Cr was the major toxic element in magnetic particles.更多还原