【摘要】 为了解甘肃玉米镰孢茎腐病致病菌的种群结构和数量,于2015和2017年在甘肃省10个市(州)采集玉米茎腐病样品42份,根据形态学特征和EF-1α(tef)基因序列分析进行病原菌的种类鉴定。结果表明,共获得10种镰孢菌,分别为禾谷镰孢菌复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex, FGSC, 59.3%)、拟轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides,11.5%)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti,10.3%)、胶孢镰孢(F.subglutinans,5.9%)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum, 4.7%)、变红镰孢(F.incarnatum, 4.0%)、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum, 1.9%)、温带镰孢(F.temperatum, 1.2%)、锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatum,0.8%)和尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum, 0.4%),其中三线镰孢和锐顶镰孢作为玉米茎腐病新病原,属国内外首次发现。禾谷镰孢菌复合种、拟轮枝镰孢、木贼镰孢和胶孢镰孢在甘肃四大生态区(陇东地区、陇南地区、陇中地区和河西走廊)均有分布,其余种仅在1～3个生态区分布。利用镰孢菌的特异性引物EF-1α(tef)对甘肃玉米镰孢茎腐病优势病原菌禾谷镰孢复合种进行种群检测,共鉴定出布氏镰孢(F.boothii)和禾谷镰孢2个种群,其比例为2.75∶1。选用玉米品种甘宇301按照柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,结果发现10种镰孢菌均可致病。本研究结果为甘肃玉米茎腐病的综合防控提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to find out the pathogenic population structure and the quantity of maize Fusarium stalk rot in Gansu province, maize stalk rot sample of 42 were collected from 10 cities(states) in 2015 and 2017. Based on the morphological characteristics and EF-1(TEF) gene sequencing, a total of 10 Fusarium species were isolated and identified, including F. graminearum species complex(FGSC, 59.3%), F. verticillioides(11.5%), F. equiseti(10.3%), F. subglutinans(5.9%), F. proliferatum(4.7%), F. incarnatum(4.0%), F. tricinctum(1.9%), F. temperatum(1.2%), F. acuminatum(0.8%), and F. oxysporum(0.4%). Among them, F. tricinctum and F. acuminatum were discovered as new pathogens of maize stalk rot for the first time at home and abroad. In addition, F. graminearum species complex, F. verticillioides, F. equiseti and F. subglutinans are distributed in the 4 major ecological regions of Gansu province(Longnan region, Longdong region, Longzhong region and Hexi corridor), and the other species were only distributed in 1～3 ecological regions. Species identifications of 150 FGSC with specific primers of Fusarium detected two populations of F. boothii and F. graminearum, the ratio was 2.75∶1. The pathogenicity test carried out with maize variety Ganyu No.301 according to Koch′s rule confirmed that 10 species of Fusarium could cause maize stalk rot. This study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of maize stalk rot.更多还原