【摘要】 依据现有关于城镇污水处理厂的各类统计数据,分析中国城镇污水处理厂的污水处理工艺分布情况以及不同污水处理工艺的COD和氨氮的去除率。结果表明:城镇污水处理厂在中国集中式污水处理设施中的数量占比仅11.5%,但设计处理能力、实际污水处理量占比分别达86.5%、91.4%,是中国当前集中式污染治理设施处理污水的主体。中国城镇污水处理厂使用的污水处理工艺相对集中,好氧生物处理工艺大类中的活性污泥法使用最多,应用数量占比高达81.6%,活性污泥法中的各小类工艺对COD和氨氮均有较好的去除效果。未来城镇污水处理厂建设改造时建议选择活性污泥法等污染物去除效率高、运行管理技术更成熟的处理工艺,同时尽量提高进厂污水中易降解碳源的含量,以达到更低的排放浓度和更高的达标率,满足水环境治理改善的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the various types of statistical data of municipal wastewater treatment plants, the distribution of wastewater treatment processes applied in municipal wastewater treatment plants and the removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen in different wastewater treatment processes were analyzed. The results showed that the number of municipal wastewater treatment plants in centralized sewage treatment facilities accounted for only 11.5%,the design treatment capacity and actual wastewater treatment volume accounted for 86.5% and 91.4% respectively, so municipal wastewater treatment plants were the main facilities in the current centralized pollution control facilities in China. The wastewater treatment processes were relatively concentrated, the activated sludge method was the most used process among the major categories of aerobic biological treatment processes, accounting for 81.6% of the number of applications. The various small processes in the activated sludge process had good removal effects and high removal efficiency on COD and ammonia nitrogen. In the future construction and transformation of urban wastewater treatment plants, it was recommended to choose a treatment process with high pollutant removal efficiency and more mature management technology operation, such as activated sludge method, and increase the easily degradable carbon sources in the influent. The measures could help to get lower discharge concentration and higher compliance rate to meet the needs of improving water environment.更多还原