【摘要】 理论的形成与社会分工、人类逻辑思维能力的提高、人们的利益关系密切相关,理论一经产生就不会完全依附于现实,但仍要受制于现实条件。这样就有了理论与现实之间的关系问题。理论与现实是一对矛盾,二者既有统一性,又有差别性。理论是现实的反映体现的是理论与现实的统一性,而所谓理论反映现实主要表现为作为反映事物普遍联系的抽象思维对那些符合事物发展规律的现实而非一切现存事物的认识;理论研究的直接目的是求知,它要经过一些中间环节才能反映现实和为现实服务,并不直接与现实发生联系,而表现出某些相对独立性,这说明理论与现实是有差别的;理论对现实的反作用主要体现的则是理论与现实的统一而非差别,把社会意识的反作用简单地归纳为先进意识的促进作用和落后意识的阻碍作用并不全面,也并非越时髦的理论越先进,往往要具体情况具体分析。如果理论与现实的矛盾没有解决好,理论就会脱离现实,这主要有三个方面的原因:落后的、超前的、错误的、"假大空"的等脱离现实的理论的问题,现实中的假象、现实发展不充分等现实发展非正常状态的问题,理论与现实之间的中间环节实践观念缺位的问题。理论与现实的关系总是处在动态的不断变化中,不能奢望一劳永逸地解决理论与现实的关系问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation of a theory is closely related to social division of labor,the improvement of human logical thinking ability,and people’s interest relationship. However,once a theory is produced,it will not be completely dependent on reality,but still subject to realistic conditions. In this way,there is the relationship between theory and reality,a pair of contradictions. They have both identity and difference. Theory is the reflection of reality,which reflects the unity of theory and reality. The so-called theory reflects reality,which is mainly reflected in the abstract thinking that reflects the universal connection of things,and the understanding of the reality that conforms to the development law of things rather than all existing things. The direct purpose of theoretical research is to seek knowledge. It needs to go through some intermediate links to reflect and serve the reality. It is not directly related to the reality,but shows some relative independence. This shows that there is a difference between theory and reality. The reaction of theory to reality mainly reflects the identity rather than the difference between theory and reality. It is not comprehensive to simply sum up the reaction of social consciousness as the promotion of advanced consciousness and the hindrance of backward consciousness; nor is it that the more fashionable the theory is,the more advanced it is,and it often needs specific analysis. If the contradiction between theory and reality is not solved,theory will be divorced from reality. There are mainly three reasons: backward,advanced,wrong,"false big empty"and other theoretical problems divorced from reality,false appearance in reality,inadequate development of reality and other problems in abnormal state of reality development,lack of practical concept in the intermediate link between theory and reality. The relationship between theory and reality is always in a dynamic and constantly changing state. We can’t expect to solve the problem once and for all.更多还原