【摘要】 "嫉妒"是人类比较普遍的一种情感心理,勒内·吉拉尔立足模仿论将其提升到了关乎个体存在境况的高度,还把它视为莎士比亚剧作情节展开的重要起点。他认为,模仿是人类欲望的触发关键,个体只能通过模枋他人的过程才能实现欲求进而确证自身存在。由此,模仿就势必带有占有性,人与人之间的关系也是暴力的。基于莎士比亚剧作,吉拉尔指出"嫉妒"的产生在于他人先于自己实现了欲望,自己从中也体认到自身存在的缺失。鉴于模仿的占有性和必然性这一双重作用,嫉妒的双方便陷于无休止的冲突甚至暴力之中。据此,吉拉尔进一步指出只有意识到欲望中的模仿,才能破除模仿与暴力之间的无限循环。尽管吉拉尔对莎士比亚的解读有理论预设的成分,但确实对当下文学作品批评、主体理论、暴力问题等方面有启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Envy” is a common emotional psychology of human beings. Based on the theory of imitation, René Girard elevated it to the height of individual existence and regarded it as an important starting point for the unfolding of plots in Shakespeare’s plays. In his opinion, imitation is the key to trigger off human desires, and individuals can only realize their desires by imitating others, thus confirming their own existence. Therefore, imitation is bound to be possessive and the relationship between people is bound to be violent. Based on Shakespeare’s plays, Girard points out that envy arises because someone else realizes desires before his own, and he thus recognizes the deficiency of his own existence. In view of the dual effects of the possessiveness and inevitability of imitation, both sides of the envy fall into endless conflicts and even mental violence. Therefore, Girard further points out that only by being aware of imitation in desire can the infinite cycle between imitation and violence be broken. Although Girard’s interpretation of Shakespeare has some elements of theoretical presupposition, it does have implications for contemporary literary criticism, subject theory, violence and other aspects.更多还原