【摘要】 为了探索华北平原生物可降解地膜对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的影响,以及为寻求更加环保的替代方式,解决地膜覆盖带来的"白色污染"问题。设置普通PE地膜覆盖(PM)、生物可降解地膜覆盖(BM)、秸秆覆盖(SM)3种不同覆盖处理,以裸地不覆盖(CK)作为对照,研究不同覆盖处理对春玉米农田土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响。试验结果表明:3种不同覆盖处理对于土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性的影响在春玉米生育期内变化趋势大致相同,呈现先减小后增大再减小趋势,而土壤纤维素酶活性在生育期内先减小后增大。在春玉米收获期,2种不同覆膜处理均能提高上述3种酶活性,秸秆覆盖只对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性有提高作用。其中,对于土壤脲酶活性各个覆盖处理的提升效果明显,在0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层分别较CK处理提高了58.73%,33.65%,83.84%和26.19%,50.98%,61.21%。与CK相比,各个覆盖处理都提高了表层0～10 cm土层内的土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾含量,且以秸秆覆盖效果最优,分别显著提高了24.68%,11.10%,23.34%,而2个覆膜处理之间无显著性差异;对于土壤有效磷含量,各个覆盖处理没有显著的提高作用。综上所述,在华北平原地区覆盖生物可降解地膜对于上述3种土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响与覆盖普通PE地膜的效果相似。因此,生物可降解地膜代替普通PE地膜覆盖到农田当中解决"白色污染"问题具有良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the effects of biodegradable mulching film on soil enzyme activities and soil fertility in the North China Plain, and to seek more environmentally friendly alternatives, to solve "white pollution" problem of plastic film mulching, this test set common PE plastic mulching(PM),biodegradable(BM)of plastic film mulching, straw mulching(SM)3 different mulching treatments, with bare not covered(CK)as contrast, study covering different processing of spring corn farmland soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content.The results showed that the effects of three different mulching treatments on the activities of soil catalase and urease in the growth period of spring maize had roughly the same trend, showing a trend of decreasing first, then increasing and then decreasing, while the activities of soil cellulase first decreased and then increased in the growth period of spring maize.At the harvest stage of spring maize, the activities of the above three enzymes could be increased by two different plastic film mulching treatments, but only the activities of soil catalase and urease could be increased by straw mulching.Among them, each mulching treatment had an obvious improvement effect on soil urease activity, which increased by 58.73%,33.65%,83.84% and 26.19%,50.98%,61.21% compared with CK treatment in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, respectively.Compared with CK,all mulching treatments increased the contents of soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in the 0-10 cm soil layer, and straw mulching had the best effect, which significantly increased by 24.68%,11.10% and 23.34%,respectively, while there was no significant difference between the two mulching treatments.Mulching treatments had no significant effect on soil available P content.In conclusion, the effects of biodegradable mulching on the above three soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient contents were similar to those of ordinary PE mulching in the North China Plain.Therefore, biodegradable mulching film instead of ordinary PE mulching film in farmland to solve the problem of "white pollution" has a good application prospect.更多还原