【摘要】 近年来在冀中南地区,随着限水压采区域的扩大,人们开始寻找替代冬小麦的越冬作物。而冀中南地区冬油菜种植面积扩大,成为替代冬小麦的首选作物。选择鹿泉、南宫、肥乡为试点,分别利用甘蓝型和白菜型冬油菜品种各3个,在露地条件下进行试验。首先,利用越冬率和产量,对不同类型冬油菜在冀中南地区种植的可行性进行分析,发现白菜型冬油菜品种的抗寒性优于甘蓝型,种植冬油菜时首选白菜型冬油菜品种。然后,利用灌水量、经济效益和生态效益,通过比较冬油菜与冬小麦的种植效益对冬油菜替代冬小麦的可行性进行分析,发现冬油菜较冬小麦节水,经济效益和生态效益均较好,可以替代冬小麦。最后,利用生育期拟合度对冬油菜(白菜型)与10种夏播作物(7种不同类型的玉米,大豆、谷子和超早熟棉)轮作模式的可行性进行分析,并进行了田间验证试验,结果显示,冬油菜除不宜与超早熟棉轮作外,与其他试验作物均可进行轮作,其中与早熟玉米、糯玉米和谷子轮作较好。研究结果为冀中南地区农业种植结构调整提供了一条可行之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the expansion of limited water pressure mining area,people began to look for winter crops to replace winter wheat in central and southern Hebei. The planting area of winter rape in central and southern Hebei has expanded and become the preferred crop to replace winter wheat. Luquan, Nangong and Feixiang were selected as the experimental sites,and three winter rapeseed varieties of cabbage type and Chinese cabbage type were used respectively in open field. Based on the overwintering rate and yield,the feasibility of planting different types of winter rape in central and southern Hebei was analyzed. It was found that the cold resistance of Chinese cabbage type winter rape was better than that of cabbage type,and Chinese cabbage type winter rape was the first choice. Using irrigation amount, economic benefit and ecological benefit,through comparing the planting benefit of winter rape and winter wheat,the feasibility of winter rape replacing winter wheat was analyzed. It was found that winter rape can save water,and had better economic benefit and ecological benefit than winter wheat,which can replace winter wheat. The feasibility of winter rape rotation with10 summer sowing crops( 7 different types of maize,soybean,millet and super early maturing cotton) was analyzed on the basis of growth period fitting degree. The results showed that winter rape could rotate with other experimental crops except super early maturing cotton, and the rotation with early maturing corn, waxy corn and millet was better. The results could provide a feasible way for the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in central and southern Hebei.更多还原