【摘要】 目的了解贵州省医疗保健机构新生儿听力筛查的服务与管理情况,分析听力筛查工作中存在的问题,并探讨解决对策。方法对2018年贵州省新生儿听力筛查的筛查结果进行回顾性分析。采用信函调查的方式对贵州省9个市州及两个省直管市县(仁怀市、威宁县)各级已开展新生儿听力筛查的医疗保健机构从机构基本情况、人力资源与房屋设备情况、新生儿听力筛查服务与管理情况三个方面进行问卷调查,并对各市州妇幼保健院新生儿听力筛查管理人员进行定性访谈。结果 2018年贵州省筛查新生儿393 666例,初筛率为69.7%,满42 d复筛率为63.6%;满3月龄复筛率为70.0%。各市州初筛率与复筛率差别较大。本次调查共收到全省有效调查问卷为234份,在234所机构中,56.8%的机构设有独立的听力筛查测听室,仅24.8%的机构对测听室采取了控噪措施。采用耳声发射(OAE)进行筛查的机构有208所,24所机构采用OAE+AABR联合筛查。负责听力筛查科室以产科较多,占39.8%,其次为儿童保健科和耳鼻喉科。从事新生儿听力筛查的工作人员共927人,专职231人,兼职696人,分别占24.9%、75.1%,472人已接受过省级卫生计生行政部门认可的技能培训,占50.9%,466人取得了技术合格证书,占50.3%。贵州省目前尚无统一使用的新生儿听力筛查网络信息系统。结论贵州省新生儿听力筛查的筛查率有待提高,筛查服务与管理有待进一步规范,应通过政策法规制约医疗保健机构机新生儿听力筛查的规范化管理,相关行政部门应加强对新生儿听力筛查工作的监督管理,着手建立贵州省新生儿听力筛查网络信息管理系统,加强信息管理,加快贵州省规范化实施新生儿听力筛查的步伐,提高筛查质量,保证新生儿听力筛查工作的顺利有效进行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the service and management of newborn hearing screening in medical and health care institutions in Guizhou Province, analyze the problems existing in hearing screening, and discuss the countermeasures. Methods The screening results of newborn hearing screening in Guizhou Province in 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Using the letter investigation to investigate the general situation of the institutions, the human resources and the housing equipment, and newborn hearing screening service and management of medical and health-care institutions that had conducted neonatal hearing screening in nine municipalities and two directly administered cities and counties(Renhuai City and Weining County) of Guizhou Province by questionnaire survey, and qualitative interview with newborn hearing screening managerial staff of each city maternal and child health care hospital. Results In 2018, 393 666 newborns were screened in Guizhou Province, the initial screening rate was 69.7%, re-screening rate was 63.6% at the age of 42 days and 70.0% at the age of 3 months. There were great differences between the initial screening rate and the re-screening rate in each city and prefecture. A total of 234 valid questionnaires were received in this survey, 56.8% of the 234 institutions had independent hearing screening rooms, and only 24.8% had adopted noise control measures. There were 208 institutions using Otoacoustic emission(OAE) for screening and 24 institutions screening with OAE and AABR. In charge of hearing screening department, obstetrics department accounted for 39.8%, followed by child health care department and otorhinolaryngology department. The 927 staff was egaged in newborn hearing screening, there were 231 full-time staff and 696 part-time staff, accounted for 24.9% and 75.1% respectively. The 473 people had received skills training recognized by the provincial health administration, accounted for 50.9%, the 466 people obtained technical qualification certificates, accounting for 50.3%. There was no unified newborn hearing screening network information system in Guizhou Province. Conclusion The screening rate of newborn hearing screening in the whole province needs to be improved, and the screening service and management need to be further standardized, and the standardized management of newborn hearing screening in medical and health care institutions should be restricted by policies and regulations, the supervision and management of newborn hearing screening should be strengthened, and the relevant mechanism should be improved, to establish the network information management system for newborn hearing screening in Guizhou Province, and to strengthen the information management development, to speed up the pace of standardized implementation of newborn hearing screening in Guizhou Province, and improve the quality of screening, and ensure that the work of newborn hearing screening is carried out smoothly and effectively.更多还原