【摘要】 【目的】确定引起油桃酸腐病病害的致病菌以及研究其菌株的生物学特性,给油桃储存期病害的防治提供理论依据.【方法】以采自甘肃省临夏市的油桃酸腐病果实为材料,采用组织分离法分离致病菌,通过柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌,并对致病菌的生物学特性进行初步研究.【结果】引起油桃酸腐病的病原菌是白地霉（Geotrichum candidum）,该菌在PDA培养基上菌丝生长的最好,直径可达74.6 mm,在马丁氏培养基上的产孢量最多,可达2.22×10⁹ 个/mL;菌落生长和产孢的最适温度为25℃;12 h光暗交替培养的菌丝生长最好,连续黑暗处理的产孢量最高;碳源以葡萄糖和果糖为最佳;氮源以蛋白胨最佳;且该菌在碱性培养基上菌丝生长最好,在偏酸性的培养基中产孢量最高.【结论】白地霉是引起油桃酸腐病的病原,油桃采收时防止机械损伤和低温储藏是预防该病害的主要措施.更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The study identified the pathogen causing nectarine acid rot disease and studied the biological characteristics of its strains, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of nectarine diseases during storage.【Method】 The nectarine fruits with acid rot were collected from Linxia City, Gansu Province.We first isolated the pathogen using tissue separation methods, and then verified its pathogenicity through Koch′s rule, finally identified the pathogen and studied its biological characteristics with morphological and molecular biology methods.【Result】 Geotrichum candidum was the pathogen causing acid rot in nectarine, which grew best on PDA solid medium with a colony diameter of 74.6 mm, however, it produced the most spores on Martin′s medium with a quantity up to 2.22×10~9 个/mL.Our results indicated that the colony diameter and spore production of G.candidum were significantly higher at 25 ℃ than those at other temperature treatments.The mycelium grew best under the conditions of 12 h light-dark alternate culture, but the spore production was the highest under continuous dark treatment.The fungus showed best growing status when the carbon source was glucose and fructose, and/or when the nitrogen source was peptone.pH can affect the fungus growth and spore production, that the mycelial grew best on alkaline medium but produced the highest spore on acidic medium.【Conclusion】 The pathogen causing acid rot of nectarine was G.candidum.It was suggested that the main measures to prevent this disease is preventing mechanical damage and low-temperature storage during nectarine harvesting.更多还原