【摘要】 离子键型石墨层间化合物(GICs)是一种性能优异的层状材料,因其具有高的电子传导率、较好的热稳定性以及较大的层间空间而广泛应用于储能、催化、吸附、超导等领域。离子键型GICs分为供电子型GICs和受电子型GICs,这两类离子键型GICs的典型代表分别是碱金属-GICs和金属氯化物-GICs。近年来,碱金属/金属氯化物-GICs在二次电池领域不断取得新的应用突破。围绕碱金属(Li, Na, K)-GICs的形成过程和金属氯化物-GICs对碱金属离子(Li~+,Na~+,K~+)的存储机制两个方面进行综述。前者通过比较三种碱金属离子(Li~+,Na~+,K~+)嵌入石墨的插层行为,阐明碱金属客体(Li, Na, K)与石墨宿主之间的相互作用关系。后者通过讨论金属氯化物-GICs应用于碱金属离子(Li~+,Na~+,K~+)电池负极材料领域的优良表现和修饰改性后电化学性能的提高,指出金属氯化物-GICs在储能领域面临的挑战。最后,对离子键型GICs的研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ion-bonded graphite intercalation compounds(GICs) is a type of layered materials with excellent performance, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability and large interlayer space, attributed to which it has been widely used in energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, superconductivity and other fields in past years. Ion-bonded GICs is divided into electron-donating GICs and electron-accepting GICs. The typical representives of those two types of ion-bonded GICs are alkali metal-GICs and metal chloride-GICs. In recent years, alkali metal-GICs and metal chloride-GICs have continuously made new breakthroughs in the field of advanced rechargeable batteries. This article summarizes the intercalation processes of alkali metal(Li, Na, K)-GICs and the storage mechanism for alkali metal ions(Li~+, Na~+, K~+) of metal chloride-GICs. The former demonstrates the interaction between alkali metal guests(Li, Na, K) and graphite host by comparing intercalation behavior of alkali metal ions(Li~+, Na~+, K~+) intercalating into graphite. The latter discusses the electrochemical performance of metal chloride-GICs in the field of alkali metal ions(Li~+, Na~+, K~+) batteries anode materials and the superiority of electrochemical performance after modification, and points out challenges what it would face as anode materials in energy storage. Finally, the research tendency and application prospects of ion-bonded GICs are prospected.更多还原