【摘要】 为了进一步预防道路交通事故的发生,对车辆在城市道路弯道行车中的转向特性开展了分析。以中型家用轿车为平台,驾驶员佩带头戴式眼动仪(Dikablis)对城市典型U-turn路况进行了转向试验,分别完成了路口前的换道和U-turn转向,得到了不同转向阶段的驾驶员转向持续时间、注视时间等特点,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明:换道前注视时间集中在0.5～2.0 s之间,平均值为1.02 s; U-turn转向入弯阶段平均注视时间为0.2～0.9 s,弯道保持阶段平均注视时间为0.3～1.2 s,出弯阶段平均注视时间为0.2～0.5 s,这表明驾驶人在信息感知阶段进行粗粒度信息处理,需要较小的认知努力,表现为较短的注视时间,而执行阶段进行细粒度信息处理,视觉认知负荷大,表现为较长的注视时间;驾驶员操作方向盘的运动过程可以看作手部速度和位移的变化过程。基于试验中的方向盘转速数据,选用正态基元函数对方向盘转向过程的转速曲线进行了拟合分析,发现多峰拟合曲线与实践波形相吻合,结论符合趋向行为理论。研究结论在辅助驾驶、无人驾驶转向控制及道路安全预警方面具有一定的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to further prevent the occurrence of road traffic accidents, the steering characteristics of vehicles in traffic curves are analyzed. Taking a medium-sized family car as a platform, with driver head-mounted eye-movement apparatus(Dikablis),the steering test on typical urban U-turn roads is carried out. Through the lane-changing and U-turn before intersection respectively, the characteristics of the driver’s steering duration and fixation time in different steering stages are obtained, and the significance test is carried out. The result shows that(1) Before lane changing, the fixation time is concentrated between 0.5 s and 2.0 s, with an average of 1.02 s.(2) The average fixation time is 0.2-0.9 s in the U-turn turn-in stage, 0.3-1.2 s in the curve holding stage, and 0.2-0.5 s in the turn-out stage. It indicates that the coarse-grained information processing in the driver’s information perception stage requires less cognitive effort, which is manifested as a shorter fixation time. While the fine-grained information processing in the driver’s execution stage, the visual cognitive load is large, which is manifested as a longer fixation time.(3) The movement process of the driver operating the steering wheel can be regarded as the change process of the hand speed and displacement. Based on the steering wheel’s rotation speed data in the test, the rotation speed curve of the steering wheel in steering process is fitted and analyzed by the selected normal basis function. It is found that the multi-peak fitting curve is consistent with the practical waveform. The conclusion conforms to the trend behavior theory. The conclusion has certain practical value in assisted driving, unmanned steering control and road safety early warning.更多还原