【摘要】 【目的】探讨在外源菌剂作用下使用了3年的牛床垫料堆肥发酵过程可溶性氮和碳变化的规律。【方法】测定不同菌剂作用后牛床垫料发酵过程不同发酵时间可溶性氮（铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮）和可溶性碳（可溶性总碳和可溶性有机碳）的含量。【结果】添加菌剂促进了牛床垫料发酵过程铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、可溶性有机氮（SON）和可溶性总碳（STC）含量的增加,降低了硝态氮（NO₃^--N）含量,其中国龙生物床菌剂作用最明显,百丰畜禽宝和丰力净次之;可溶性有机碳（SOC）在不同的菌剂之间作用无规律性。随着发酵时间延长,NH₄⁺-N和STC含量呈先增后降的变化趋势,发酵20d含量最高;NO₃^--N和SON呈增加趋势,发酵50d含量最高;SOC呈降低趋势,发酵10d含量最高。【结论】添加菌剂能增加发酵过程铵态氮、SON和STC含量,但可能存在氨挥发的风险。综合考虑堆肥降解效果和减少氨气的挥发,牛粪垫料发酵宜选专用畜禽粪便发酵的菌剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Object】Changes on soluble carbon and nitrogen in cow bed material during composting with the aid of various exogenous bacterial fermentation agents were studied.【Method】Contents of soluble nitrogen,i.e.,ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N） and nitrate nitrogen （NO₃^--N）,soluble organic nitrogen （SON）,and soluble carbon,i.e.,soluble total carbon （STC）and soluble organic carbon （SOC） in the cow bed material,which had been used at a cattle ranch for 3 years,that was added with different commercially available bacteria agents were measured during the fermentation to determine the optimal application of the agents.【Results】The addition of fermentation agents increased NH₄⁺-N,SON,and SOC,but reduced NO₃^--N.Among the 3 agents tested,Guolong Biological Bed Inoculants performed best on most evaluation criteria,and it was followed by Baifeng Livestock and Poultry Bao and Feng Li Jing.No consistent display in SOC by the agents was observed.NH₄⁺-N and STC increased to peak in 20d and declined afterward.NO₃^--N and SON tended to increase continuously to reach a maximum in 50d.The SOC content toped in 10d and then on a decreasing trend as the fermentation progressed.【Conclusion】The application of bacteria agents could increase the available carbon and nitrogen in the compost.However,there was the risk of increasing ammonia volatilization.Hence,an agent specific for the fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement would be recommended to be added to the compost for the fermentation of cow bed material.更多还原