【摘要】 【目的】探讨菜田不同轮作施肥模式对作物产量稳定性和养分吸收状况的影响。【方法】利用连续6年田间定位试验,测定每个轮作周年内各季作物的产量,根据产量水平及其变异系数,分析菜-菜-稻和菜-菜-菜2种轮作体系分别在推荐施肥和习惯施肥模式下作物的产量稳定性;根据每个轮作周年各季作物农产品和茎叶的养分含量测定结果,分析不同轮作施肥模式对氮、磷、钾养分吸收、积累和利用效率的影响。【结果】菜-菜-稻轮作在推荐施肥模式下四季豆、芥菜、水稻产量分别比习惯施肥模式增产9.07%、7.77%和8.43%。菜-菜-菜轮作在推荐施肥模式下四季豆、芥菜、豇豆产量分别比习惯施肥模式增产7.24%、-0.88%和7.54%。轮作施肥模式主要影响四季豆和豇豆的养分利用效率,菜-菜-稻轮作在推荐施肥模式下四季豆作物吸收氮、磷、钾养分利用效率分别比习惯施肥增加13.50%、10.43%、12.16%;菜-菜-菜轮作在推荐施肥模式下豇豆作物吸收钾养分利用效率比习惯施肥增加12.84%。菜-菜-稻轮作中采用推荐施肥模式各季作物的年度养分积累量显著高于习惯施肥,而菜-菜-菜轮作中推荐施肥与习惯施肥对作物的年度养分积累量差异不显著。【结论】菜-菜-稻轮作结合推荐施肥模式能够促进轮作周年内各季作物高产稳产,并能够提高作物的养分吸收利用率和年度养分积累量,为最佳种植模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Effects of various types of crop rotation and fertilization on the yield and nutrient absorption of the vegetables and rice grown on the land were studied. 【Method】 Seasonal yields of the vegetables/rice were obtained from same assigned test lots for 6 consecutive years to determine the variation coefficient and yield stability of the vegetablevegetable-rice(V-V-R) and vegetable-vegetable-vegetable(V-V-V) rotations on soil applied with either the recommended fertilization(RF) or conventional fertilization(CF). Efficiencies on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) utilization by the vegetables/rice under the treatments were analyzed based on the nutrient contents in the leaves, stems, or grains of the plants. 【Result】 In V-V-R, the yields on the sequential plantings of kidney beans, mustard, and rice increased under RF by9.07%, 7.77%, and 8.43%, respectively, over CF. Whereas in V-V-V the yield increases or reduction on kidney beans, mustard,and cowpeas were 7.24%,-0.88%, and 7.54%, respectively. On the other hand, the varied crop rotations and fertilizations appeared to mainly affect the nutrient utilization of kidney beans and cowpeas. The N, P, and K uptakes of the kidney beans were 13.50%, 10.43%, and 12.16%, respectively, higher with RF than CF in V-V-R; and that of the cowpea on K at 12.84%was the only significant difference found between RF and CF under V-V-V. The annual nutrient accumulation by the crops was significantly higher under RF than CF under V-V-R but not under V-V-V. 【Conclusion】 Planting vegetables and/or rice in the sequence of V-V-R combined with RF application could result in high and stable annual yields of all crops involved.Consequently, besides the significant improvements on NPK absorption, utilization, and accumulation of the crops, V-V-R rotation with RF was recommended for the farming where applicable.更多还原