【摘要】 为明确福建省樟树溃疡病病菌JY-5（Neofusicoccum parvum）的生物学特性,筛选有效的化学杀菌剂,测定了病原菌的生物学特性,并进行了12种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力以及室内盆栽药效试验。研究结果表明,JY-5菌株在PDA培养基上生长最旺盛,孢子萌发率最高,其次是PSA,且两者之间无显著性差异。最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏,最适pH值为6～8,最适温度为30℃,致死温度为50℃,最适光照条件为全光照培养。分生孢子萌发需要高湿度条件,在水滴中6 h萌发率达到89.33%。毒力测定结果显示,菌落抑制效果最好的为精甲·咯菌腈(EC₉₀=0.129 mg·L^-1),其次是戊唑醇(EC₉₀=0.151 mg·L^-1)、氟硅唑(EC₉₀=0.176 mg·L^-1),效果最差的药剂为啶酰菌胺(EC₉₀=55 309.942 mg·L^-1)。盆栽药效试验结果显示,相同的药剂预防作用明显大于治疗作用,且随着药剂浓度的提高而增加。精甲·咯菌腈(400 mg·L^-1)的保护和治疗效果为最佳,抑制率分别为92.44%和87.50%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biological characteristics of Camphor tree canker pathogen JY-5（Neofusicoccum Parvum）, the virulence of 12 chemical fungicides, and a laboratory efficacy test for potted plants were determined to clarify the pathogen′s characteristics and screen for effective chemical fungicides. The JY-5 strain had the most vigorous growth and highest spore germination rate on a potato dextrose agar medium, followed by pea sucrose agar, with no significant difference between them. The most suitable carbon source was glucose, and the most suitable nitrogen sources were peptone and beef extract. The optimum pH value was 6～8, the optimum temperature was 30 ℃, the lethal temperature was 50 ℃, and the optimum light condition was a full light culture. Conidia germination requires high humidity, and its rate in water drops reached 89.33% after 6 hours. The virulence test results showed that the best colony inhibition effect was metalaxyl-M fludioxonil(EC₉₀=0.129 mg·L^-1), followed by tebuconazole(EC₉₀=0.151 mg·L^-1), and flusilazole(EC₉₀=0.176 mg·L^-1); the least effective agent was boscalid(EC₉₀=55 309.942 mg·L^-1). The pot experiment results showed that the preventive effect of the same agent was significantly greater than that of the treatment and increased with an increase in the agent concentration. The protective and therapeutic effects of fludioxonil(400 mg·L^-1) were optimum, with inhibition rates of 92.44% and 87.50%, respectively.更多还原