【摘要】 以金属为骨架、水泥为主体的人工鱼礁(ARs)作为近海商业养殖和生态恢复的新方式,为海洋高等生物及微生物提供了适宜的生境,是海洋中的生物多样性热点,在生态系统健康和珍稀动物保护上具有重要意义.目前的研究多集中于人工鱼礁材料结构以及经济鱼类数量的变化,而忽视了微生物在人工鱼礁生物膜中的作用,同时近海频繁的渔业活动和船舶往来产生的油污污染可能威胁到人工鱼礁生物群落的稳定.为此,本研究以中国山东庙岛海洋牧场示范区为研究区,利用宏基因组和扩增子测序技术,探究了人工鱼礁不同材质间生物膜微生物组的差异及其对油污污染的响应,涉及病毒、古菌、细菌与真菌.结果表明,金属材质和水泥材质间的生物膜微生物组在群落组成和功能上差异较小.油污污染增加了人工鱼礁两种材质生物膜细菌(0.2%)、古菌(96.9%)和病毒(194.0%)界水平的相对丰度,但降低了生物膜微生物组功能基因的丰度,且水泥材质生物膜微生物组对油污污染的响应更为敏感(金属材质为-6.8%,水泥材质为-20.8%).本研究对于人工鱼礁材料的选择以及人工鱼礁区的渔业活动、生物保护和生态系统循环认识有一定的指导作用.更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial reefs(ARs),with metal as the skeleton and cement as the main body,are new approaches to offshore commercial aquaculture and ecological restoration.They can provide suitable habitats for marine macroand micro-organisms and are biodiversity hotspots in the ocean,which is of great significance for ecosystem health and animal conservation.Current studies have focused on the changes in the material structure of artificial reefs and the number of economic fish,while neglecting the role of microorganisms in the biofilm of artificial reefs.Moreover,oil pollution from frequent offshore fishing activities and vessel traffics may threaten the stability of artificial reef biomes.In this study,we investigated the microbiome differences in biofilm between different reef materials and their responses to oil pollution by metagenome and amplicon sequencing techniques at the Miaodao Marine Farm Demonstration Zone in Shandong Province,China.The results showed few differences in community composition and function between the microbiome in metal-and cement-based biofilms.Oil contamination increased the relative abundance of bacteria(0.2%),archaea(96.9%),and viruses(194.0%)on both material-based biofilms,but decreased the abundance of functional genes in the biofilm microbiome.Besides,the microbiome on cement-based biofilm was more sensitive to oil contamination(metal-based:-6.8%,cement-based:-20.8%).This study is useful for the selection of artificial reef materials as well as the understanding of fishery activities,biological conservation and ecosystem cycles in artificial reef areas.更多还原